INTRODUCTION
Outline.
2. The two components
Introductory Remarks.
1. This is the second sermon discussing the “exception of Jesus” in being born “anew.” This lesson will address the process of being “born again.” It is often referred to as the “new birth.” In some sense, it is that, but it entails a more heavenly meaning. Our first birth was earthly. To be born “anew” will require the help of the Holy Spirit in the process of regeneration. We will attempt to answer all the believers' questions regarding their being born “anew.”
2. This second lesson in this series will describe the two components that enable one to be born anew. Jesus replied, “Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and (of) the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.”
3. The Lord explains the two components enabling one to be “born anew.” They are “the water and the Spirit.” There are no exceptions to this heavenly directive. There have been volumes written to suggest that Jesus’ instruction meant something other than these two components! We will attempt to answer some of them in his lesson. And then,
4. With this brief introduction, we can now move to the second point of this lesson series: “The two components” of being born anew.
BODY OF LESSON
II THE TWO COMPONENTS
A. Jesus explains. “Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee: Except a man be born of water and (of) the Spirit, he cannot see or enter into the kingdom of God,” John 3:3-5. This new birth or being “born anew” includes two necessary elements. The new birth,
1. Consists of two components. The original language is: “gennao ek hudatos kai pneumatos.” The Lord speaks of two separate and distinct components of the new birth. They are: “The water and the Spirit.” We have already described the new birth as “being born anew.” We will now explain it with more clarity. Consider,
2. The word “born” in Gr., is gennao (ghen-nah'-o), which means “to procreate (properly, of the father, but by extension of the mother); figuratively, to regenerate: KJV-- beget, be born, bring forth, conceive, be delivered of,” 1 Corinthians 4:15, James 1:18, 1 Peter 1:23.
3. The word “out of” in Gr., is ek, which is a primary preposition denoting origin (the point from whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause; direct or remote)—often used in composition, i.e., “out of the water,” Matthew 3:16-17; Mark 1:10. Or, you have obeyed “out of the heart,” that form of doctrine,” Romans 6:17-18.
4. The word “water” in Gr., is hudatos or (hoo'-dat-os), which means, from the base of water: KJV-- water.
5. The word “and” in Gr. is kai or (ka-hee), a primary particle, having a copulative and sometimes also a cumulative force; and…often used in connection (or in composition) with other particles or small words: KJV—and, also, both, but, etc. Observe,
a. BlueLetterBible definition of conjunction: “It is a word or phrase that links words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, e.g., and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet.”
b. When it connects two things, both are equal and required to achieve its end: “Enter into the kingdom of God.” The conjunction makes both persons, things, or words equally important.
c. Jesus makes water and Spirit necessary to complete the new birth or be “born anew.” We can disagree about this truth, but it will not change now nor in eternity! “Forever, O Lord, thy word is settled in heaven,” Psalms 119:89. Continuing,
6. The word “Spirit” in Gr., is pneumatos, or (pnyoo'-mah-tos); a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle …etc., or (superhuman) an angel… or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit. KJV—a ghost, life, spirit (-ual, -ually), mind. Here, it means the Holy Spirit. Not the wind, air, or some physical phenomenon; it is spiritual, John 3:6; 1 Corinthians 15:46-49.
7. Conclusion: The reciprocal benefit is conjoined to both components. In other words, you can’t have one without the other. The word “and” is a connector or “coordinating conjunction.” The blessing of being born anew is contingent on being “born out of the water and the Spirit!” Both are necessary, not just one. Neither is the kingdom of God secured by only one of them. Both!
B. Interpretation. One is born “out of the water and the Spirit.” The Spirit can be compared to the male or the (father) of the birth, the water to the female or the (mother) of the birth, and the word of God is the “seed” that is planted in the human heart by preaching and teaching.
1. Spirit is the male of the birth: “Howbeit when he the Spirit of truth,” John 16:13. The Spirit sows the seed, the word of God, into the heart of the hearer. Whether by the teacher (then) or through the word of God (now) when it is sown by preaching or teaching.
NOTE: Review our lesson “Lydia’s Conversion,” on SermonCentral.com by Ron Freeman, Evangelist. It reveals the Holy Spirit’s work through the preaching of Paul and Silas.
2. The seed: “Being born again not of corruptible seed,” 1 Peter 1:23; Luke 8:11. The seed is planted by the preaching of the word of God, Romans 10:17. The believer acquires faith, is compelled to repent, to confess Jesus as the Son of God, and demonstrate their faith to God in baptism.
3. Water is the female of the birth: “So they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from her raging,” Jonah 1:15; Psalms 89:9; Luke 8:24. You will notice that the Bible says: “the sea ceased from her raging.” Observe,
a. The sea and the waters are also described as the womb of the earth.
1) Job wrote: “Or who shut up the sea with doors when it broke forth as if it had issued out of the womb?” And, “Out of whose womb came the ice?” The ice glaciers at the North Pole came from the sea's womb! The “water is the womb of the earth!” See Job 38:8; Job 38:28-29. During the creation of all things,
2) God said: “Let the waters bring forth abundantly, the moving creatures that hath life,” Genesis 1:20-21. Let the waters “give birth” to the moving creatures that hath life.
3) God created: “Great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly,” Genesis 1:21. The waters “gave birth” to “every living creature that moveth.” These are not my words but the Lord, who created all things, John 1:1-3; Colossians 1:13-18.
4) Let’s see things as they were and must be in man’s re-creation. The first man, Adam, was made from “water and dirt” but was incomplete until God breathed life into his nostrils and “formed the spirit of man within him.” In being “born anew,” both water and the Spirit are necessary to give the “new man” a spiritual awakening, enabling him to rise and “walk in newness of life” as children of God, John 1:11-12; Romans 6:3-7.
b. Summary: Therefore, water and Spirit are necessary for one to be “born anew” and enter the kingdom of God. Jesus knew what he was talking about; I’m unsure what many religious leaders do today! They think just like Nicodemus, such is impossible; however, “Nothing is impossible with God,” Matthew 19:26. It must be understood that,
c. The new birth incorporates the fundamental principles of the "pattern of conversion," as outlined in the Book of Acts. We will discuss one example of conversion as we extend heaven's invitation.
4. Conclusion: God has ordained to perform a “divine operation;” while the sinner is in the waters of baptism with Jesus in putting off the old man and putting on the new man (having forgiven all his trespasses and sins); that he might come forth – (being born anew): “Out of the water and the Spirit” into the kingdom of God, as a new creature in Christ Jesus, Colossians 2:11-13; Ephesians 2:10. (We go down into the water “with Christ;” to be baptized “into Christ;” to come up, out of the water “in Christ” and the kingdom of God). If any man is “in Christ, he is a new creature, has been born anew,” 2 Corinthians 5:17. Amen, and amen. Observe,
a. B. W. Johnson wrote: “One must be born of water and the Spirit. Whatever this may mean, it will be admitted by all (1) that no one is a member of the kingdom of God until he is born again; (2) that the Savior declares the impossibility of one entering who is not born of water and the Spirit. All agree that the birth of the Spirit refers to inward or spiritual change, and all candid authorities agree that the birth of water refers to baptism...Alford says: ‘All attempts to get rid of this have sprung from doctrinal prejudices,’” Page 243. Johnson continues,
b. He wrote: “Jesus does not reply directly to the question of Nicodemus, but proceeds to give a more explicit statement concerning the new birth. One must be born of water and the Spirit. Whatever this may mean, it will be admitted by all:”
“(1) that no one is a member of the kingdom of God until he is born again (anew);”
“(2) that the Savior declares the impossibility of one entering who is not born of water and the Spirit…John the Baptist baptized both Jews and Gentiles as a sign of purification by repentance from past sins. Nicodemus would then have certainly understood by the expression, 'born of water,' a reference to this rite of baptism,” Page 243.
c. I mentioned earlier that many of you will check out of the net right about now. You will stop reading or hearing the words of Christ. Let me be clear: these are not my words but the words of the “Son of God.” Why will this occur? Maybe,
1) Some because of your fear of the truth, and others because they disagree with the truth of Jesus’ declaration. Either reason would be an affront (shame and dishonor) unto God.
2) How dare we agree with God only when we find what He says acceptable to us as the truth as we believe it to be? “The word of the Lord is right, and all His works are done in truth,” Psalms 33:4. We must align our “faith and obedience” to what God has directed and not to what we might perceive or believe is right in our own eyes. “There is a way that seemeth right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death,” Proverbs 14:12.
3) Volumes have been written to deter and thwart its meaning or spoken in abusive tones and words. God has the right to establish the terms for pardoning our sins. Who do we think we are to chastise Him for imposing upon us what we do not find acceptable?
4) Many have already missed heaven because of their sin and disobedience. We claim to love God so…so…very much. But when He declared through His “only begotten Son” the terms of His pardon, we can no longer align our faith to His Word! Do you think He will make an exception for you and me? Read the text: “Except a man is born out of the water and (of) the Spirit he cannot enter the kingdom of God…Marvel, not I say unto you, you must be born anew,” John 3:5-7. Both “water and Spirit” are required! “Must” is one of the strongest words in the English language.
d. Jesus said: “If you love me, keep my commandments,” John 14:15. Take a moment and reflect on what God gave us for our salvation: His Only Son, Jesus Christ, our Savior. And what the Lord went through: to purchase our salvation, His death on the cross of Calvary.
1) Now, the God of heaven asks us to, in faith and obedience, accept His requirements to save and preserve us and promises us all “eternal life,” Titus 3:4-7.
2) Yet we find it difficult to repent of our sins, confess Christ as His Son and Messiah, and be baptized: “for the remission of our sins, to receive the gift of the Holy Spirit,” Acts 2:38; Acts 22:16. Come on, where is your faith? “How is it you have so little faith,” Mark 4:40.
C. Faith must be coupled with trust and obedience. Many make the mistake of minimizing the terms of God’s conversion process (being born anew). To God, this is a test of our “Faith and obedience to His will.” We cannot dictate to God how we want to be saved; we must obey His will. In every act of faith under the Old Testament of those that pleased God; by their faith, there was always a corresponding act of obedience.
ILLUSTRATION: A review of Faith in 3D. Consider,
1. Faith is defined in Hebrews 11:1. Faith is the underlying foundation of all that we are and do to be pleasing to God. It is the building block of all our Christian graces, 2 Peter 1:5-11.
2. Faith directed, Hebrews 11:6. Faith must be directed to God. Not to anyone else. If we are pleasing to God, the favor of men does not matter. If God is for us, no one can be against us! So writes the beloved apostle Paul, Romans 8:28-35.
3. Faith demonstrated, Hebrews 11:7ff. Faith is active; alive, not dead! Faith compels action; it constraineth us, 2 Corinthians 5:14-15. Faith always works through love, Galatians 5:6. Observe,
a. By faith Noah: “Being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, and prepared an ark to save his house ... and became heir of the righteousness which is by faith,” Hebrews 11:7.
b. By faith Abraham: “When he was tried, offered up Isaac,” Hebrews 11:17-19; Genesis 22:5-8.
c. By faith Israel: “Passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned,” Hebrews 11:29; 1 Corinthians 10:1-4. In every example of faith, there was,
4. Conclusion: A corresponding act of obedience. The believers’ faith was demonstrated. Baptism is our corresponding act of obedience in compliance with the Lord’s instruction for us to be granted entrance into the Kingdom of God. It does not have to make sense to us; most of what God demanded in the acts of faith just mentioned perhaps did not make sense to those believers. Yet, once they obeyed, God granted His promised blessings of mercy, grace, and salvation. There are no exceptions to this heavenly directive. There have been volumes written to suggest that Jesus’ instruction meant something other than these two components! We are now at the point in this lesson where we can address these ideas and theologies. They comprise alterations of these two components of water and Spirit. We will answer them with kindness and clarity. Observe,
D. Water is not water. “Except a man be born of the water and the Spirit,” John 3:5. Many argue that the prepositional phrase does not mean, rather than undertake a sincere examination to explain what it does mean. One of these arguments insists that “hudatos” does not mean water but has other spiritual implications. I will address a few of them now. Please observe,
1. First, “the water in John 3:5 does not mean water.” In other words, “water is not a part of the new birth.” This birth is entirely spiritual; therefore, it could not mean “water.” They contend that “new birth" is one of the Holy Spirit alone. However, Jesus includes the "water and Spirit" in the new birth, John 3:5. They will then explain what “water” is in their theology. Here are a few examples with rebuttal. This notion suggests,
a. Water is not “water.” They argue that the water mentioned in John 3:3 is not water. How does this then relate to the word water elsewhere in the bible?
1) How about this: "And John also was baptizing in Aenon near Salim, because there was much water there: and they came, and were baptized," John 3:23. Consider,
2) The word "water" in John 3:5 is the same as the word "water" in John 3:23.
3) I, therefore, conclude that they are the same thing.
b. Baptism was always performed where there was much water, John 3:23. Recall,
1) Jesus was baptized in much water, Matthew 3:13-17. The river Jordan.
2) Philip baptized the treasurer in much water, Acts 8:26-39. Sufficient was the water that both Philip and the treasurer could go down “into the water,” perform the baptism, and then “come up out of the water.”
3) You can read this yourself. The word water in all these scripture passages is “hudatos,” or “water.” Here is another,
2. Further, “The “water” mentioned by Jesus is the "living water," John 4:10-11.
a. These references refer to the Holy Ghost, which Jesus promises to all who believe in Him, John 7:37-39. Jesus speaks of believers being given the “gift of the Holy Spirit.”
b. Peter refers to this promise in Acts 2:38. After explaining Joel’s prophecy concerning God giving His Holy Spirit to Jews and Gentiles, Joel 2:28-29.
c. Believers receive the Holy Ghost after demonstrating an obedient faith, Acts 5:32, Acts 2:38.
3. Next, “the water is the word.” They cite this text: "That it (the church) He might sanctify having cleansed by the washing of the water with the word," Ephesians 5:26. [ASV].
a. This verse does not classify the “water” as the word but certifies that the church is "sanctified by the washing of the water [‘en’ or ‘with’] the word," Ephesians 5:26. See Acts 2:41-47. See below.
NOTE: This verse has two definite articles, one before: 1) the washing and 2) one before the water.
1) The washing is T-DSN, N-DSN, and the water is T-GSN, N-GSN.
2) The article T-GSN before water was not translated. BLB.org, Ephesians 5:26.
3) Both articles are in the Stephens 1550 Textus Receptive, EGNT, Page 509.
4) There is also a definite article before [the] “word,” at least the translators thought so.
a) DSN means -Dative Singular Neuter, and GSN means -Genitive Singular Neuter.
b) The definite article “T,” preceding its noun “N,” will agree on the case, number, and gender as they do now in Ephesians 5:26.
c) Conclusion: The church is washed, sanctified, and justified through the “washing of water through the direction of the Holy Spirit in obedience to the word of God. Paul wrote Corinth: “And such were some of you: but you are washed, but you are sanctified, but you are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God,” 1 Corinthians 6:11; Acts 18:8. See also Acts 2:36-41; Acts 2:47. Moving forward, here is another,
b. John 6:63 is also used to refute “the water” in John 3:5. However, we must always consider any text within the context of the scriptures, just as we did in Ephesians 5:26. Here’s what Jesus said: "It is the Spirit that (which) quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you are spirit, and are life," John 6:63. Stephens 1550 Textus Receptive, EGNT, Page 261-262. The apostle John refers to the Holy Spirit and not a “spirit” or “water” in this verse. Let’s do this work together. Consider,
NOTE: The word “quickeneth” or V-PAP-NSN. The V or “verb” is a present active participle, being used as an adjective to modify the verb in the phrase: “I have spoken,” or “lelalaka” per LTTraW, seen on the bottom of Page 262, rather than the verb “laleo” as translated in BLB.org, John 6:63.
The “W” -means Wordsworth, 1870; see Introduction to EGNT, Page XVI. [Coded: V-RAI-1S, G2980, Verb - Perfect Active Indicative - 1st Person Singular, per John 15:3]. Observe that “I have spoken” is the perfect active indicative first person singular. Therefore, the verb “lelalaka” or “I have spoken” agrees with this sentence's past tense participle, the suffix -en, in the word “quickens or quickeneth.” Participles can be used as a verb or a noun to modify the subject!
NOTE: In Greek, the perfect tense describes an action viewed as having been completed in the past, once and for all, not needing to be repeated, i.e., "It is finished!" or “I have spoken.” These are past participles used for perfect tense and passive voice constructions (see definitions below).
NOTE: The definite article “the” T-NSN and the noun “Spirit” N-NSN in this sentence means The Spirit, not a “spirit” or “the word.” Recall that the Nominative Case refers to the case used for a noun or pronoun when it is the subject of a verb; the subject in this sentence is “the Spirit.”
NOTE: NSN means -Nominative Singular Neuter. Consider these definitions of participles,
1) A participle is a word derived from a verb that can be used as an adjective or to form certain verb tenses. There are two main types of participles:
a) Past participles (typically ending in “-ed,” “-en,” “-n,” “-ne,” or “-t”) are used for perfect tenses and passive voice constructions.
b) Present participles (always ending in “-ing”) are used for continuous tenses.
2) The words “past” and “present” do not indicate the specific tenses in which participles are used. Past and present participle can be used in the past, present, and future tense. Both are commonly used as adjectives. This work was,
3) Published on November 25, 2022, by Eoghan Ryan and revised on September 25, 2023.
4) Reference, Scribbr – “Your path to academic success,” https://www.scribbr.com/. Another example is John 15:3. Jesus promised His apostles,
c. “Now you are clean through the word which I have spoken unto you,” John 15:3. See also Acts 15:7-11; 1 Peter 1:22-23. The words “I have spoken” have been used in the explanation of John 6:63. Wordsworth felt “lelalaka” rather than “laleo” most likely is what Jesus had said: “I have spoken, past tense, not “I speak” present tense as it is translated in the BLB.org, John 6:63. Jesus said: “The words I have spoken “are spirit and are life,” through the quickening power of the Holy Spirit.
d. Participles are never the main verb in the sentence. As a verbal adjective, it functions as an adverb modifying the verb. The verb in this sentence is “I have spoken” and, therefore, helps to clarify the subject “the Spirit,” which is the one who quickens.
e. A Participle also has properties of an adjective in that it expresses case, gender, and number. Like other adjectives, a participle can modify a noun or take a noun's place in a sentence. It can be the subject for the main verb in the sentence. In my judgment, this last one will need no further discussion!
NOTE: Greek words and definitions are offered by “Unfolding Word Greek Grammar.” See References. Here it is,
4. Finally, The “water” is the mother’s “after birth.” One prominent leader called the “water” of John 3:5 the “after birth” during a mother’s natural birth. Jesus, however, removed the natural elements from the "new birth," John 3:6. I don’t believe any further comments are necessary.
5. Conclusion: None of these theories have any merit. None of them changes the requirements of the believer being “born anew” through “the water and of the Spirit.” Let’s now address the,
E. Spirit is the wind. “The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is everyone that is born of the Spirit,” John 3:8. Observe,
1. The word “pneumatos” is not the Spirit but the “wind.” As mentioned earlier, being born anew involves two separate and distinct elements: “water and Spirit.” Some teachers have limited the new birth to one entity, the Holy Spirit. This, however, ignores sound biblical analysis and teaching. Being “born anew” is not mystical but a conversion process everyone can experience through faith and obedience to the gospel. Jesus' statement: “The wind bloweth where it listeth, and we hear the sound thereof, but cannot tell where it cometh or goeth: so is everyone that is born of the Spirit.” Observe,
2. B. W. Johnson wrote: “Most commentators have held that this means: As the wind moves mysteriously, so does the Spirit, and it breathes upon whom it will, effecting the inward change called the birth of the Spirit arbitrarily,” Page 243. This theory is void of any human participation. Salvation is the result of the Holy Spirit’s selection and conversion alone. This cannot be true. This belief sounds like “Calvinism.” Jesus invites all to “come unto Him,” Matthew 11:28-30. John wrote: “The Spirit and the bride say: come,” Revelation 22:17.
NOTE: See “Five Points of Calvinism,” from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, dated 3 February 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Points_of_Calvinism. See references.
NOTE: You can read all of B. W. Johnson’s comments on this theory by downloading his Commentary from Archive.org. See references at the end of this lesson. He, of course, dispels this notion in a clear and scriptural rebuttal. He states: “This view I believe due to a wrong translation, sanctioned, not by Greek, but by current theology,” Page 243-244. Therefore,
3. I will devote the remaining time to outlining several instances where the believers were either told or asked what they must “do” to be saved. After that, you can decide for yourself which is correct. Surely, the same Bible cannot teach two opposing methods in the conversion process?
4. Here are some believer’s requests on how they might be saved. Observe,
a. The Pentecostal believers, Acts 2:36-47. They asked: “Men and brethren, what must we do?”
b. The treasurer, Acts 8:36. Said: “Behold, water, what hinders me from being baptized?”
c. Saul of Tarsus, Acts 9:6. Asked: “Lord, what do you want me to do?” [What me desireth thou to do?] Jesus responded: “Go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.”
d. Cornelius and his house, Acts 11:14. The angel said: “Send to Joppa for Peter, Who shall speak words to thee whereby you shall be saved thou and all thy house.”
e. The Philippian Jailer, Acts 16:30. Asked: “Sirs, what is necessary for me to do that I may be saved?” This is the most prominent teaching in the entire religious world. The jailer was told to believe, and “he and all his house could be saved,” Acts 16:31. However, read the remaining instructions given to the jailer and his house that night, Acts 16:32-34.
f. King Agrippa said unto Paul: “Almost thou persuadeth me to be a Christian,” Acts 26:28.
5. Conclusion: In these examples, the believer or inquirer asks or is told what to do to be saved. The preaching of Jesus moves the human heart, and the believer asks what must I do so that I may be saved? This is entirely different from what is described above. Christ invites all to come! The “good and honest heart” asks what must I do? The type of heart that will hear, believe, and obey is described by Jesus in Luke 8:11-15. The “seed” or the word of God fell in “good and honest hearts.” Which brought forth faith and obedience to the word of God. We are now at the last point in this lesson. Thanks for staying “in tune!” You do appear to have a “good and honest heart.” We will discuss the regeneration process when we meet again on this topic. Here’s what we discussed…
CONCLUSION
A. Outline.
2. The two components
B. Summary of main points.
1. In this second lesson, we described the two components that enable one to be born anew. Jesus answered, “Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and (of) the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.” The Lord explains the two components enabling one to be “born anew.” They are “the water and the Spirit.”
2. There are no exceptions to this heavenly directive. There have been volumes written to suggest that Jesus’ instruction meant something other than these two components! We will attempt to answer some of them in his lesson.
3. This concludes our second lesson in this sermon series on “Ye Must Be Born Anew.” When we meet again, I will present the last lesson in this series: The process of regeneration.” You have enough information now to decide to be born anew! Here is what you need to do.
C. Invitation. Present God's pattern of conversion. Jesus said: "Come unto me all ye that labor," Matthew 11:28-30. [Explain the POC, i.e., hearing and believing the gospel; repentance of all past sins, Luke 24:44-47; confessing faith in Christ, as the Son of God, Matthew 10:32-33; and then, by obeying the gospel, Romans 10:16-18; Romans 6:17-18; that is to: "repent and be baptized, in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and to receive the gift of the Holy Ghost," Acts 2:38; Acts 5:31-32; Ephesians 1:13-14].
D. Exhortation. "The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved," Jeremiah 8:20.
E. Motivation. Do as Peter directed: "Save thyself," Acts 2:40; Acts 2:36-39; Acts 2:41.
Acknowledgements and Commendation
I submit this verse unto you that I may: “Render therefore to all their dues: tributes to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; and honor to whom honor, (is due),” Romans 13:7. I acknowledge my consultation with these distinguished authors in this lesson.
References
1. Definition of Participles, by Eoghan Ryan, Published on November 25, 2022, and revised on September 25, 2023.
2. Scribbr.com – “Your path to academic success.” Singel 542, 1017AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands, https://www.scribbr.com/.
3. Merriam-Webster, since 1828, by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (Merriam-Webster.com), 2017.
4. Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary on the Bible, by Matthew Henry, Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Grand Rapids, MI, 1706.
5. The People's New Testament, by B. W. Johnson, Christian Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1891.
6. The New Greek-English Interlinear New Testament; United Bible Societies,’ Fourth, Corrected Edition, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL, 1990.
7. Textus Receptus, taken from the Greek Text of Stephens 1550, The Englishman’s Greek New Testament, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, First Zondervan Printing, 1970.
8. The Greek-English Interlinear CSB New Testament, Holman Bible Publishers, 28th Revised Edition, Christian Standard Bible, One LifeWay Plaza, Nashville, TN 37234, Copyright 2022.
9. The New Greek/English Interlinear, NRSV, New Testament, United Bible Societies,’ Fifth Revised Edition, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, IL 60188, Copyright, 2020.
10. “Five Points of Calvinism,” from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, dated 3 February 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Points_of_Calvinism.
11. Clarke Commentary on the Bible, Eight Volumes, Published 1810-1826, New York, Published by J. Emory and B. Waugh, for the Methodist Episcopal Church, at the conference office, 13 Crosby-Street., J. Collord, Printer, 1831.
12. Vine’s Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, by W. E. Vine, Fleming H. Revell Company, Old Tappan, NJ, Copyright, 1981.
13. Greek Manuscript 1992. New Testament. Gospel of John Image 79, Page 86. Manuscripts in St. Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, 1400 to 1499 AD, dated April 21, 1950. ["Library of Congress Collection of Manuscripts in St. Catherine's Monastery, Mt. Sinai." Mount Sinai: Microfilm 5010: Greek (1,078); and Mount Sinai (1,691), Library of Congress (LOC).]
14. “Unfolding Word Greek Grammar,” 13485 Veterans Way Suite 460, Orlando, FL 32827, Copyright 2024. [With Creative Commons Corporation, P.O. Box 741107, Los Angeles, CA 90074-1107.] The link is https://creativecommons.org/mission/contact/.
15. The BlueLetterBible.org, (BLB's) Interlinear, Textus Receptus; and the Morphological GNT, © 2022, by the Blue Letter Bible. This tool allows you to access the Greek New Testament in both manuscripts. http://www.blb.org/The BLB also provides tutorials to help you learn how to use it. Link, (www.BLB.org).
A word of thanks to BLB.org.
Thank you for this valuable tool of study, BLB.org. It has been an excellent instrument for me to learn and use the Interlinear to bring my sermons alive to the audience. Thank you very much for this great Application to help study the scriptures.
Contact Information
Ron Freeman, Evangelist
wwmcoc@earthlink.net
https://wwmchurchofchrist.org/
Website: https://en.gravatar.com/refreeman
