INTRODUCTION
Outline.
1. The Greek word “anothen”
Introductory Remarks.
1. This is the first sermon discussing the “exception of Jesus” in being born “anew.” This lesson will address the process of being “born again.” It is often referred to as the “new birth.” In some sense, it is that, but it entails a more heavenly meaning. Our first birth was earthly. To be born “anew” will require the help of the Holy Spirit in the process of regeneration. We will attempt to answer all the believers' questions regarding their being born “anew.”
2. This first lesson in this series will define the Greek term “anothen,” which means "anew." Nicodemus had come to Jesus by night to discuss with Him being a “teacher that God sent.” Jesus told him that he must be “born anew.” Some translations render it “born again” or “new birth.”
3. He answered and said, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born again (anew), he cannot see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus inquired how that might be possible, given that he was old. Could he enter once again into his mother’s womb and be born? The Lord further explained what he called “being born anew.” Surprisingly, “anothen” is almost spelled in our English as “another.” The (an)other birth is to be born “anew” or “anothen.” Amazing!
4. With this brief introduction, we can now move to the first point of this lesson series: The Greek Word “Anothen.”
BODY OF LESSON
I THE GREEK WORD “ANOTHEN”
A. Our lesson begins with a “man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews: The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with Him,” John 3:1-2. I know the Master must have appreciated Nicodemus’ laudatory comments! Observe,
1. We don’t know why he came to Jesus by night. Perhaps to talk to Him in secret. Like many other religious leaders, this man was a “secret disciple of Christ.” Religious rulers forbade anyone from declaring that Jesus was the Messiah. The penalty for this was to be banned from the synagogue and the temple. More than likely, this could have been the reason for his secret rendezvous (meeting) with Jesus. To better understand this setting, it is necessary to review the last verses of John, chapter two. Observe,
a. Jesus knew what was in men, as well as their motives. John wrote: “But when He (Jesus) was in Jerusalem at the Passover, at the feast, many believed in His name, beholding the signs that he was doing. But Jesus did not commit himself to them because He knew all (men) and needed not that any should testify of man, for He knew what was in man,” John 2:23-25. With this backdrop, we now know why John wrote: “But there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews; he came to Jesus by night,” John 3:1. John appears to be distinguishing Nicodemus from the other religious leaders. He was a man of integrity and trust in God. He will do God's will and continue in Jesus’ Word to become a disciple of Christ.
b. Nicodemus was a secret disciple of Jesus, like many others in the temple leadership. Therefore, Jesus did not question his motives; He knew his heart and desire was to know more about Him. So, he,
1) Came to Jesus by night, John 3:1. Under the color of darkness, but not in secret to the Lord. When we appear before Him in the assembly and later in the Judgement, know He also knows your heart. Beloved, “Everything is naked and open unto the eyes with whom we have to do,” Hebrews 4:13. Later,
2) He defended Christ before the Pharisees. “Nicodemus saith unto them, (he that came to Jesus by night, being one of them), Doth our law judges any man before it hears him, and know what he doeth?” John 7:50. Jesus did the “will of His Father,” John 7:16-18. He kept “the Father’s commandments,” John 15:9-10. We do well “if we keep His commandments,” John 14:15.
c. Officers accused of being deceived. “Then came the officers to the chief priests and Pharisees; and they said unto them, Why have ye not brought Him? The officers answered, never a man spake like this man. Then answered them the Pharisees, Are ye also deceived?” John 7:45-47.
d. Joseph of Arimathaea. “And after this (Christ’s death), Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave (permission). He came, therefore, and took the body of Jesus. And there came also Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, which weighed about a hundred pounds. Then they took the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews to bury,” John 19:38-42.
2. There was a fear among the Jews to confess or acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah. They would be put out of the synagogue for acknowledgment by the rulers, the chief priest, scribes, and Pharisees. Observe,
a. Chief rulers. “Nevertheless, among the chief rulers also many believed in Him; but because of the Pharisees, they did not confess Him, lest they should be put out of the synagogue: For they love the praise of men more than the praise of God,” John 12:42-43.
ILLUSTRATION: Paul, the servant of Christ, Galatians 1:10-12. Many seek to please men!
b. Parents of a blind man. “His parent answered them (the Pharisees) and said, We know that this is our son and that he was born blind, but by what means he now seeth…he is of age…These words spake his parents because they feared the Jews, for the Jews agreed already that if any man did confess that he was Christ, he should be put out of the synagogue. Therefore, said his parents, He is of age; ask him,” John 9:20-23.
c. The blind man. “They (Pharisees) answered and said unto him, Thou wast altogether born in sins, and dost thou teach us? And they cast him out (of the synagogue),” John 9:34.
3. Conclusion. The religious rulers sought to drive out of the synagogue anyone who would confess that Jesus was the Messiah. Jesus said: “Blessed are you, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of Man’s sake. Rejoice you in that day, and leap for joy: for, behold, your reward is great in heaven: for in the like manner did their fathers unto the prophets,” Luke 6:22-23; Matthew 5:10-12; Luke 6:35-36.
B. Jesus’ response. “Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born again (anew), he cannot see the kingdom of God,” John 3:3.
1. Jesus answered him. “Verily, verily” or Amen, amen.
2. I say unto you. That which comes forth now are the words, declarations, and directives of Jesus Christ, the Master Teacher. These are the “words of God:”
a. “Except a man is born anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God,” John 3:3.
b. “Except a man is born of the water and (of) the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God,” John 3:5.
c. “Marvel not I say unto thee, ye must be born anew,” John 3:7.
d. This is Christ’s “heavenly directive.” It is the only way one can enter the kingdom of God. There are no exceptions in this directive! It is plain enough for the Ruler to understand that it included him and other religious leaders! Continuing,
4. Let’s consider other terms that refer to one “being born anew.” The word in Gr., is “anew” or “anothen” (a-no-then), EGNT, Page 246. The apostle Paul wrote much about this new birth. Other terms for being “born anew” found in the Bible are:
a. Regeneration. Paul calls it regeneration in Titus 3:5. We will revisit this verse later in our lesson.
b. New man. It is also called the “new man,” Colossians 3:9-10. And, “That you put off, concerning your former conduct, the old man which grows corrupt according to the deceitful lust, and be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and that you put on the new man which was created according to God, in true righteousness and holiness,” Ephesians 4:22-24.
c. Inward man. It is called elsewhere as the “inward man: “For I delight in the law of God after the inward man,” Romans 7:22. Also, Paul wrote: “For which cause (reason) we faint not, but though our outward man perishes, yet our inward (esothen) man is renewed (anakainoo) day by day,” 2 Corinthians 4:16. Consider,
1) Looking at these two words, “inward” and “renewed,” we can see our word of discussion is “anew” or “anothen.” These words together mean “renewed inward” or born “anew within.”
2) Maybe that’s why Paul also calls this man “a new creature” or “creation,” 2 Corinthians 5:17; Ephesians 2:10. In Christ, we are reformed into “kainos ktisis” or “a new creation,” Galatians 6:15.
3) The Gr., word “ktizo” means to fabricate (form originally): —create, to make; to form or shape, to change or transform completely. Sounds like Genesis 2:6-8. We could say “like the original” man God created “in the beginning.” Amen!
d. Inner man. Paul wrote: “That he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man,” Ephesians 3:16. And finally, Peter refers to the...
e. Hidden man of the heart. “Rather let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price,” 1 Peter 3:4.
5. Peter also writes of “begotten and born again” in his Letter to the “scattered Jews.” Observe,
a. Begotten again: “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten again (Gr., anagennao) us unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,” 1 Peter 1:3. Also,
b. Born again: “Being born again (Gr., anagennao) not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth forever,” 1 Peter 1:23. This is a similar theme being preached by all the apostles of Christ, and even James the Lord’s brother. Observe,
c. James wrote: “Of His will begat (Gr., apokyeo) He us with the word of truth, that we might be a kind of first fruits of His creatures (Gr., ktisma),” James 1:18. Notice,
d. Paul also wrote: “For though you have ten thousand instructors in Christ, yet have you not many fathers: for in Christ, I have begotten (Gr., gennao) you through the gospel,” 1 Corinthians 4:15. The word “begat and begotten” vary slightly, but mean the same thing, i.e., to bring forth, beget, to generate or produce. Consider,
C. Jesus' declaration. “Except a man is born again (anew), he cannot see the kingdom of God,” John 3:3. Let’s see its correlation to what the apostles wrote by the Holy Spirit. Observe the Greek word “anothen” as it appears in these two references,
1. First, notice that the KJV of the BLB and EGNT translate the word “anothen” differently.
a. In the KJV, the word is born anothen, translated as “again.” BLB.org.
b. In the Stephens 1550, the word is born anothen, translated as “anew.” EGNT, Page 246.
c. The Gr., word anothen, remains the same but was translated differently.
d. The word “again” could imply that of the physical birth we have already experienced. Meanwhile, “anew” implies a heavenly meaning or being born “from above” due to the work of the Holy Spirit. As we continue this lesson, you will understand what “anew” truly means.
NOTE: Born anew (John 3:3; John 3:7), G509, “born again, or from above.” [See also, “from above,” John 3:31; John 19:11; James 1:17; James 3:15; James 3:17.] “To produce, be re-created, born anew; or regenerated having one's mind changed so that he lives a new life that’s in complete accord with the commandments and the will of God.” BLB.org, John 3:3; John 3:7.
2. The Greek words are “gennao anothen,” which means to be “born anew.”
a. Born, or “gennao,” is translated as “to regenerate: —bear, beget, be born, bring forth, conceive, be delivered of, gender, make, spring, or to come forth anew.”
1) Surprisingly, the word “regeneration,” or “palingenesis” in Greek, includes this very idea: “Through the washing of regeneration and the renewing of the Holy Spirit,” Titus 3:5. In the Greek “palin” and “genesis” means: “again born” or “born anew.” Notice the word “genesis” is the Bible's first book, Genesis, or the “Beginning.” Regeneration means to restore to the “beginning.” How was man created in the beginning? Immortal and possessing eternal life (without being subject to sin and death). This, therefore, is what Jesus promises in our regeneration or being born anew, Titus 3:4-7.
2) Maybe David alludes to this rebirth of being born anew when he wrote: “Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew the right spirit within me. Cast me not away from thy presence; take not thy Holy Spirit from me. Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation, and uphold me with thy free spirit. Then will I teach transgressors thy ways; and the sinner shall be converted unto thee,” Psalms 51:10-13. We will discuss this further in our last point in this lesson.
b. Anew, “anothen,” is translated as “from the first; anew: —from above, again, from the beginning (very first), the top,” Matthew 27:51. The idea of this word is heavenly, from above, from a divine source, from God to one's first state, “born from above.” See James 1:18; James 3:15.
c. There is another Greek word for “again” which is “palin” when joined with a verb, which means: “it denotes renewal or repetition of the action,” as in Galatians 4:19; 2 Peter 2:20, etc. This is not the word John uses in John 3:3 or John 3:7.
d. Except a man is born “anew” or experiences the “heavenly birth,” he cannot see the kingdom of God. Jesus is speaking of a “spiritual birth” and not a “physical birth” as all have already been “born” of the earthly, 1 Corinthians 15:42-49. Consider,
3. Sin has caused the necessity of this rebirth, regeneration of the soul or “inner man.” The inner man is being recreated or “born anew,” not the “outer man,” the man of clay. However, the man of clay will also experience this “change” at the resurrection of the dead, 1 Corinthians 15:51-56. We will discuss this further in our last point in this lesson. Observe,
a. This will occur at what Paul calls “the end,” when Christ returns to claim (by raising) the living from among the dead: those that died in Christ will rise in Christ and be changed into a “glorious body” like unto the Lord, Philippians 3:20-21.
b. John wrote: “Beloved, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God: therefore, the world knoweth us not, because it knew Him not. Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when He shall appear, we shall be like Him; for we shall see Him as He is,” 1 John 3:1-2.
4. Conclusion: This rebirth or regeneration is the work of the Holy Spirit. Nicodemus had it all wrong. It is not a physical birth being alluded to by the Lord. But the rebirth and restoration of the Holy Spirit through “regeneration” or being “born anew.” If a man never experiences this new birth, he shall never enter the kingdom of God. Unrighteousness cannot inherit the “kingdom of God,” 1 Corinthians 6:9-11. Being “born anew” removes the old man so God can reform in us the new man: “created in righteousness and true holiness,” Ephesians 4:20-24; Romans 6:3-7.
D. Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter his mother’s womb (a second time) and be born? Observe,
1. Nicodemus had in mind a “fleshly birth” of coming “forth” from his mother's womb. This is not what Jesus meant! Observe the comments of these two authors,
a. B. W. Johnson indited: “The term translated “again” is rendered “anew” in the Revision, which is better. It is the great doctrine, so fundamental in the Gospel, of Regeneration, a new Birth, being made a new creature, the same doctrine spoken of in (John) chapter 1, verses 12, 13. Nicodemus, like all Jews, supposed that all who were born as children of Abraham would, as Abraham's seed, be citizens of the kingdom, but Jesus shows him that no one can be a new creature in Christ Jesus unless he is born anew. We are born naturally into the kingdom of nature to live the natural life; if we enter the kingdom of heaven, the kingdom of grace, it must be by a new birth. The doctrine that a man can bury his old sinful life and begin a new one with the freshness of youthful hope is foreshadowed in the Old Testament (Isa. 1:18; Jer. 31:33; Ezek. 11:19; 36:26) and taught in the New Testament (Rom. 6:8; 8:3; 12:2; 2 Cor. 5:17; Gal. 6:15, 16),” Page 242.
b. Matthew Henry noted: “It is objected against by Nicodemus (v. 4): How can a man be born when he is old, old as I am: being an old man? Can he enter his mother's womb the second time and be born? Herein appears...His weakness in knowledge; what Christ spoke spiritually, he seems to have understood after a corporal and carnal manner as if there were no other way of regenerating and (new-molding) an immortal soul than by new-framing the body and bringing that back to the rock out of which it was hewn as if there was such a connection between the soul and the body that there could be no fashioning the heart anew but by forming the bones anew,” Page 1535. The change Jesus speaks of is that of the heart, not the flesh!
c. If God could make from “stones” children of Abraham, then He could make the soul of man like that of Christ through the “washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit,” Titus 3:5. The divine purpose of being “born anew” is to reform or restore the “spirit of man” into that which God had created in Adam and Eve, before their fall because of sin and disobedience. We will look at this truth before we conclude this lesson. This is called “divine planning.” For now,
d. It seems Matthew Henry and B. W. Johnson are in complete accord with what Jesus said concerning the kingdom of God. Both are equally learned men, yet of different faiths. The Master continued,
2. His discourse: “That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, you must be born anew…so is everyone born of the Spirit,” John 3:6-8. There are no exceptions in this rebirth (in its necessity) and no exclusions (in who can be born anew). Perhaps,
a. Nicodemus was unaware that all who would enter into the “kingdom of God” would be required to be “born anew,” both Jews and Gentiles. The requirement and blessing were necessary for both Nations. The kingdom of God is opened to all who would come unto the Lord, John 3:16; Romans 10:11-13. Jesus told the Pharisees: “Verily I say unto you, That the publicans and the harlots (will) go into the kingdom of God before you,” Matthew 21:31-32; Matthew 23:13. God is the Father of all people, both Jews and Gentiles and all are recipients of the Abrahamic blessings, Galatians 3:6-9. Abraham, through Christ, is the “father of all nations,” Romans 4:9-12.
b. B. W. Johnson wrote: “The necessity is implied in the word kingdom. No one born a citizen of England can become a citizen of the United States without complying with our naturalization laws. The kingdom of God has its naturalization laws, and there is no other way of entrance than to be born of water and (of) the Spirit. We may not understand all the mysteries of the new birth any more than we do those of the natural birth, but we can understand what has to be done and what is necessary. Two things are needful: the spirit must be renewed; we must be baptized,” Page 243. Johnson proposes that, like Christ, there are indeed two components in being “born anew.” They include both “the water and the Spirit.” Observe the comments of Matthew Henry,
c. He wrote: “You must be born again. "I said unto thee that which all are concerned in, You must, you all, one as well as another, you must be born again: not only the common people but the rulers, the masters in Israel…We are not to marvel at it, for when we consider the holiness of the God with whom we have to do, the great design of our redemption, the depravity of our nature, and the constitution of the happiness set before us, we shall not think it strange that so much stress is laid upon this as the one thing needful, that we must be born again,” Page 1537.
1) Without being “born anew,” we cannot see the kingdom of God, but much more, neither can we enter into it or share its blessings. The kingdom is enlightened by its teaching; entering it is through “faith and obedience” to the gospel of Christ, Romans 1:16-18.
2) This, I might add, is a stumbling block to many today, as it was to Israel then. They had not “obeyed the gospel,” Romans 10:16-21. The Romans, however, “had obeyed out of the heart, that form of doctrine,” Romans 6:17-18. Thereby being “born anew.” Please, take note,
3) Most of you are in complete agreement with me right about now regarding Israel’s disobedience and neglect to obey the gospel. However, as we proceed, some of you will discover you may be in the same disobedience and neglect. You may not have been “born anew.” Your faith in God may be absent of obedience to Jesus’ declaration: “You must be born anew.” Just like Israel and the nations were when Paul preached unto them, Romans 10:1-5. Israel also rejected the commandment of God during “John’s preaching of the kingdom of God,” Luke 7:29-30; Matthew 3:5-12. Recall that John the Baptist was a forerunner in preaching Christ’s kingdom.
d. Conclusion: Sometimes, the commentator’s theology gets confused and conflicts with the scriptures. Matthew Henry is right in many of his writings. And I will quote them with great respect. However, when his words do not agree with the scriptures, I will also humbly point that out. I am not as learned as he, nor do I seek to achieve such status among men. We must look at God’s words through His Eyes and Heart. We must examine the word of God as Isaiah presented it in Isaiah 28:9-11; Jesus, John 5:39; and Paul, 2 Timothy 2:15. Let’s continue,
3. Being born anew is not that of the flesh but that of the Holy Spirit. John emphasizes it is from heaven. As did the Lord Himself, when He taught the people, Matthew 21:23-27; Mark 1:14-15. Notice, John, the apostle,
E. Penned elsewhere. “He came unto His own, and His own received Him not. But as many received Him, He gave them the power to become the sons of God, even to those who believe in His name. Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor the will of man, but of God,” John 1:11-13. He gave them “the right, or the authority” to become the “sons of God,” Galatians 3:26-27. We will address this more later in the lesson. Consider,
1. John speaks here of the “birth brought about by the Holy Spirit” and not the flesh, nor will of man, but that which is from above, “being born anew” from above. That which is from above is the work of the Holy Spirit.
2. We are ready now to discuss the two components necessary to complete our rebirth or being “born anew.” Please suppress all your disagreements regarding the new birth and open your heart to hear, read, and study the remaining points in this lesson. Most of you now possess genuine love, devotion, and faith in Christ to become members of the kingdom of God. Some lack the knowledge of the components mandated and the humility to accept God’s terms of pardon and obey them. “Behold, to obey is better than sacrifices, and harken than the fat of rams,” 1 Samuel 15:22. Jesus asks: “Why (call) you Me Lord, Lord, and do not the things I say?” Luke 6:46.
3. You now know what the Lord had in mind in our rebirth or regeneration. You must allow Him now to instruct you on how to become a “new creature” or be “recreated” in Christ’s “likeness in righteousness and true holiness.” Simon Peter calls it: “Becoming partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption in the world through lust,” 2 Peter 1:3-4; 1 Peter 1:1-5. We will discuss the two components of being born anew when we meet again. You have been wonderful and engaged all along the way. Here's what we have discussed...
CONCLUSION
A. Outline.
1. The Greek word “anothen”
B. Summary of main points.
1. In this first lesson of this sermon series, we defined the Greek term “anothen,” which means "anew." Nicodemus had come to Jesus by night to discuss with Him being a “teacher that God sent.” Jesus told him that he must be “born anew.”
2. He answered and said, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born again or (anew), he cannot see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus inquired how that might be possible, given that he was old. Could he enter once again into his mother’s womb and be born?
3. This concludes our first lesson in this sermon series on “Ye Must Be Born Anew.” The Lord further explained what he called “being born anew.” This birth required two components. When we meet again, I will describe these two components. But for now, one might ask: what must I do to be “born anew.” Let me describe that process of faith and obedience.
C. Invitation. Present God's pattern of conversion. Jesus said: "Come unto me all ye that labor," Matthew 11:28-30. [Explain the POC, i.e., hearing and believing the gospel; repentance of all past sins, Luke 24:44-47; confessing faith in Christ, as the Son of God, Matthew 10:32-33; and then, by obeying the gospel, Romans 10:16-18; Romans 6:17-18; that is to: "repent and be baptized, in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and to receive the gift of the Holy Ghost," Acts 2:38; Acts 5:31-32; Ephesians 1:13-14].
D. Exhortation. "The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved," Jeremiah 8:20.
E. Motivation. Do as Peter directed: "Save thyself," Acts 2:40; Acts 2:36-39; Acts 2:41.
Acknowledgements and Commendation
I submit this verse unto you that I may: “Render therefore to all their dues: tributes to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; and honor to whom honor, (is due),” Romans 13:7. I acknowledge my consultation with these distinguished authors in this lesson.
References
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10. “Five Points of Calvinism,” from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, dated 3 February 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Points_of_Calvinism.
11. Clarke Commentary on the Bible, Eight Volumes, Published 1810-1826, New York, Published by J. Emory and B. Waugh, for the Methodist Episcopal Church, at the conference office, 13 Crosby-Street., J. Collord, Printer, 1831.
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13. Greek Manuscript 1992. New Testament. Gospel of John Image 79, Page 86. Manuscripts in St. Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, 1400 to 1499 AD, dated April 21, 1950. ["Library of Congress Collection of Manuscripts in St. Catherine's Monastery, Mt. Sinai." Mount Sinai: Microfilm 5010: Greek (1,078); and Mount Sinai (1,691), Library of Congress (LOC).]
14. “Unfolding Word Greek Grammar,” 13485 Veterans Way Suite 460, Orlando, FL 32827, Copyright 2024. [With Creative Commons Corporation, P.O. Box 741107, Los Angeles, CA 90074-1107.] The link is https://creativecommons.org/mission/contact/.
15. The BlueLetterBible.org, (BLB's) Interlinear, Textus Receptus; and the Morphological GNT, © 2022, by the Blue Letter Bible. This tool allows you to access the Greek New Testament in both manuscripts. http://www.blb.org/The BLB also provides tutorials to help you learn how to use it. Link, (www.BLB.org).
A word of thanks to BLB.org.
Thank you for this valuable tool of study, BLB.org. It has been an excellent instrument for me to learn and use the Interlinear to bring my sermons alive to the audience. Thank you very much for this great Application to help study the scriptures.
Contact Information
Ron Freeman, Evangelist
wwmcoc@earthlink.net
https://wwmchurchofchrist.org/
Website: https://en.gravatar.com/refreeman
