INTRODUCTION
Outline.
2. The Process of Divine Inspiration
Introductory Remarks.
1. This series of lessons discusses the theme: “Divine Revelation and Inspiration.” In truth, we can only say these two processes, revelation, and inspiration, are the work of the “Hands of the Father, the Lord, and the Holy Spirit.” Human translations were done entirely through the hands and minds of uninspired men and women.
2. Today, we will discuss the process of divine inspiration in recording the word of God. “Inspiration" means "the breathing forth of the word of God,” Matthew 4:4. We can be sure of the authenticity of the “word of God” recorded by the hands of the apostles because it was done through the “inspiration of God,” 2 Timothy 3:16-17. Holy men of God: “Spoke and wrote as the Spirit gave them utterance and recollection,” 2 Peter 1:20-21; Acts 2:1-4.
3. Peter further explained: "If any man speaks, let him speak as the oracles of God," 1 Peter 4:11. God's divine truths were revealed and recorded through the process of divine inspiration: “through the hands of the apostles and prophets by the Spirit,” Galatians 6:11; Ephesians 3:3-4; Hebrews 13:22; 1 Peter 5:12.
4. Referring to these first two processes: the revelation and inspiration of the “word of God.” The Psalmist David wrote: “The word of the Lord is right, and all His works are done in truth,” Psalms 33:4. And, “Forever, O Lord, thy word is settled in heaven,” Psalms 119:89. With this brief introduction, let’s consider the second point in this series of lessons.
BODY OF LESSON
II. THE PROCESS OF DIVINE INSPIRATION
A. Inspiration of God. In the fashion of point one, we must begin this point by defining the word "inspiration." The word in Gr., is theópneustos, which means to breathe in divinely: —given by the inspiration of God. The word of God is breathed forth from His mouth. In this regard, it refers to the revelation of the mystery of Christ, meaning all the contents of the scriptures, which God inspired. Jesus said,
1. Unto Satan during His temptation: “It is written: Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God,” Matthew 4:4.
a. We should remember this rebuttal during our temptations.
b. Quote the book to the tempter, “Thy word have I hid in my heart, that I might not sin against thee,” Psalms 119:11.
c. It worked for the Master, and it will work for us! Back to our lesson, the Apostle,
2. Paul inscribed: “All scripture is given by the inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnish (equipped) unto all good works,” 2 Timothy 3:16-17. Paul affirms these certain truths,
a. All scripture was imparted to him by God’s revelation and inspiration. The apostles and prophets received and recorded God's word through God's inspiration (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit). Therefore, it is without error and human influences. As such,
b. It is profitable (in every aspect that God intended it to be so). Isaiah wrote: “So, shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing(s) whereto I sent it,” Isaiah 55:11.
1) It is, therefore, profitable, i.e., helpful, serviceable, and advantageous: —profit(-able), in every aspect of spiritual guidance, enlightenment, and salvation.
2) Paul uses the word: "profitable" three times in his Pastoral Epistles written unto Timothy and Titus, 1 Timothy 4:8; 2 Timothy 3:16; and Titus 3:8.
3) These two evangelists were working to build up and fortify the churches of Christ where they were laboring in "doing the work of an evangelist," 2 Timothy 4:5. If I might impart some instruction here, it would be as did Paul, "Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth,” 2 Timothy 2:15. Study what? The word of God. Listen to him. Notice beloved in the Lord!
4) For what purpose, Paul? That you might be approved unto God, His workman, that shall not be ashamed, by rightly dividing (cutting it straight) the word of truth. Why, Brother Freeman? The word in Gr., is ophelimos, which means profitable, helpful, and necessary for your entire work in the ministry as an evangelist, minister, preacher, or teacher of God’s divine precepts, statutes, commandments, and instructions in righteousness. I recall what,
NOTE: Brother Warren told me when I undertook this great work to study His word to be approved in His sight, not to him, nor any others. In doing so, you will never be ashamed or afraid of the task set before you. You will always have His help, guidance, approval, and success. I have never forgotten those words from my mentor and beloved Father in the Lord! Whom I loved dearly!
c. Profitable unto to what? Let’s consider Paul’s instruction to Timothy more closely. It is Profitable,
1) For doctrine. That word in Gr., is didaskalia, which means God's divine instruction: —doctrine, learning, and teaching. His word will instruct you into its truths, blessings, and how to teach and preach it, as it teaches us how to "worship in spirit and truth," John 4:24. Again, it is profitable,
2) For reproof. The word reproof in Gr., is elegchos, which means proof, conviction: —evidence, or reproof. This refers to the proof by which a thing is proved, tested, or confirmed to be sound doctrine according to the faith. Paul wrote: “Proving all things, and holding fast to that which is good,” 1 Thessalonians 5:21; 2 Corinthians 13:5; Acts 17:11; Ephesians 5:10.
3) For correction. The word correction in Gr., is epanorthosis, which means a straightening up again, i.e., rectification (reformation): —correction. It also means to restore to an upright, right state through correction, council, or spiritual guidance to improve one's life and character before God and men. We will consider the following phrase together. Observe,
4) For instruction in righteousness. The phrase in Gr., is paideia en dikaiosyne, i.e., providing education, training, or instruction utilizing disciplinary correction: —chastening, chastisement, instruction, nurture, to ensure or lead one to equity (just, fair, and impartial) character and actions, especially (Christian) justification: —righteousness, and godliness.
a) The word of God can lead one through education, instruction, and training into the knowledge of integrity, virtue, purity of life, righteousness, justification, salvation, and eternal life, which has been revealed in the "mystery of Christ and godliness," Titus 1:1-3; Titus 3:4-7.
b) We will close this lesson by observing the "pattern of conversion" revealed unto the first-century saints by God's "holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit," Ephesians 3:5; John 14:26; John 16:13.
c) However, hearing, believing, and becoming obedient to this truth will come from our study and faith in the word of God. No truth can be claimed if it is not contained in the word of God. Thus, we must study it first to obtain the "knowledge of the truth" for ourselves and then to teach others. Solomon wrote: "The heart of the righteous man studieth to answer," Proverbs 15:28; 2 Timothy 2:15. We study to be able to answer both to exhort and convince the evil speakers.
d) Peter wrote: "But sanctify the Lord God in your heart: and be ready always to answer every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear," 1 Peter 3:15. Let’s not forget the charge of Paul unto all who would be the servant of the Lord, 2 Timothy 2:24-26. If we do these things,
d. Then, the man of God: “the servant of the Lord.” Observe,
1) May be perfect (complete). The word perfect in Gr., is artios, which means having a fresh attitude and aptitude given for use, i.e., that is fitted, trained, prepared, and complete: —perfect. The following phrase tells us why we have been made perfect. Paul wrote,
2) Thoroughly furnished (equipped). This phrase in Gr., is exartizo, meaning “to finish out (time); to be equip fully (a teacher to): —accomplish, thoroughly furnish, or equipped. For what? Paul now tells Timothy. Observe,
3) Unto all good works. We will consider this sentence together. The words in Gr., are pros pas agathos ergon, which means “unto all: —benefit, good(s) (things), well, excellent, upright, and honorable; act: —deeds, doings, labors, or works.” We have been equipped to become: "Meet for the master's use, and prepared unto every good work," 2 Timothy 2:21. Paul, now teaches all the saints,
e. How to present (preach and teach) the word. The beloved Apostle also instructed Timothy, Titus, and all men and women, claiming to be: “The servants of the Lord,” how to present the faith, the word of truth unto both believers and "unbelievers.” We might be able to do this through sound doctrine: “Both to exhort and to convince the gainsayers,” Titus 1:9. I will return to this verse later in the lesson. However, for now, learn how Paul wanted his “sons” and “us” to preach and teach: “The faith, or the truth of the gospel of the grace of God,” Titus 1:1; Acts 20:24. Observe, he wrote,
1) To Timothy, “And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, (and) patient. In meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them (a heart of) repentance to the acknowledging of the truth; And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will,” 2 Timothy 2:24-26. I love this passage of sacred Text because Paul told Timothy how to do: “The work of an evangelist,” 2 Timothy 4:5. Observe, “The servant of the Lord must,”
a) Not strive, but be gentle unto all men. Don’t argue and debate the word of truth. Teach them with gentleness and kindness. Win them with the word, not by your loud tones or angry words.
b) Apt to teach and be patient: in meekness, instructing those that oppose themselves. Instruct the disbeliever; don’t criticize nor chastise them. Remember, they are not opposing you but themselves. Instruct them in patience, sincerity, and love. People know when you care and are not just trying to prove them wrong or want to win an argument (or debate).
c) If God's peradventure (perhaps, or possibly) will give them repentance to acknowledge the truth. Labor with them, praying that God will open their eyes of understanding and give them a heart of repentance and willingness to acknowledge the truth, Ephesians 1:17-18; 1 Timothy 6:3-5. Some have traveled that road for a long time. Hearing, learning, believing, and obeying the truth will take time for some to be reconciled with God. Remember, your own “conversion experience” (obeying the gospel).
d) They may recover themselves from the devil's snare. They have become entrapped by the devil to (their sins, being deceived, and having become enslaved to wickedness and ungodliness). Only God can see their hearts. If it is "good and honest," it will eventually surrender to the Lord and His will. Remember,
e) Who are taken captive by him at his will. They are incarcerated to sin, disbelief, disobedience, and all unrighteousness by the will of the evil one. Satan is the deceiver and Father of all lies, ungodliness, corruption, and unrighteousness in the world. If evil – the D-evil – is behind, the cause, or in charge of it! Then he wrote,
2) To Titus, “But speak thou the things which become sound doctrine…in all things showing thyself a pattern of good works: in doctrine showing uncorruptness, gravity, (and) sincerity. Sound speech that cannot be condemned; that he that is of the contrary part may be ashamed, having no evil thing to say of you…These things speak, encourage, and rebuke with all authority. Let no man despise thy youth," Titus 2-15. [Text shortened for brevity]. Through Timothy, Paul says,
3) To us, “And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also,” 2 Timothy 2:2. Timothy, what I charged you, you now also: “Commit and charge faithful men, who shall also be able to teach others." If there is one word I might give you reading and studying this lesson, it would be the same charge of the Good Master: “Go, and do likewise,” Luke 10:25-37. [The Lord's Conclusion of the parable: “The Good Samaritan”]. Observe now,
3. The certainty of inspiration of God’s word. The man or woman of God can be confident in the authenticity of the “word of God” as recorded by the hands of His apostles and prophets because it has been preserved by the watchful eye of God and by the Holy Spirit of God through His “revelation and inspiration,” of it unto all of them. I wish I had some help! How was this revelation given and preserved?
4. The inspiration within man. Job wrote about the inspiration within the human spirit of the man. This wisdom comes from listening, watching, and not speaking out of one's righteousness. Elihu, the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled because he justified himself rather than God. Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job," Job 32:2-3. He waited to answer the condition of Job after his elders had spoken. Observe,
a. Job wrote: “Now Elihu had waited till Job had spoken because they were elder than he. When Elihu saw no answer in the mouths of these three men, his wrath was kindled. And Elihu, the son of Barachel the Buzite, answered, "I am young, and ye are very old; wherefore I was afraid, and durst not shew you mine (own) opinion,” Job 32:4-6. He continued,
1) "I said, Days should speak, and the multitude of years should teach wisdom,” Job 32:7.
2) "But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding. Great men are only sometimes wise; neither do the aged understand judgment. Therefore, I said, Hearken to me; I also will shew mine (own) opinion,” Job 32:8-10.
3) "Behold, I waited for your words; I listened to your reasons while you searched out what to say. Yea, I attended unto you, and, behold, none of you convinced Job, or that answered his words: Lest ye should say, We have found out wisdom: God thrusteth him down, not man. Now he hath not directed his words against me: neither will I answer him with your speeches," Job 32:11-14. Listen to this unlearned man, who had obtained wisdom and respect for those from whom he had obtained an understanding from their words. Job and the aged men,
4) “They were amazed, they answered no more: they left off speaking. When I had waited, (for they spake not, but stood still, and answered no more;) I said, I will also answer my part, I will shew mine opinion," Job 32:15-17.
5) Elihu continued: “For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constraineth me. Behold, my belly is as wine which hath no vent; it is ready to burst like new bottles. I will speak, that I may be refreshed: I will open my lips and answer. Let me not, I pray you, accept any man's person, neither let me give flattering titles unto man. For I know not to give flattering titles; in so doing my maker would soon take me away,” Job 32:18-22.
b. Application. I have listened to and read what I have learned on this subject. I do not approach this lesson with pride or arrogance but with humility. No, I am neither a scholar nor an authority in Greek, but I have read the divine precepts and the Holy Scriptures and preached and taught them for over 60 years. This wisdom and understanding have come from years of reading, research, study, and meditation upon the sacred Text. It has given me an “enlightenment into the mystery of Christ.” I attribute this learning to my Lord, the apostles, prophets, and my mentors in the faith. Like Elihu, I have waited to answer. I have given it and trust it will be received in like manner.
c. Elihu continued: Wherefore, Job: “I pray thee, hear my speeches, and listen to all my words. Behold, now I have opened my mouth; my tongue hath spoken in my mouth. My words shall be of the uprightness of my heart, and my lips shall utter (His) knowledge clearly. The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty has given me life. If thou canst answer me, set thy words in order before me, stand up. Behold, I am according to thy wish in God's stead: I also am formed out of the clay,” Job 33:1-6; Job 10:12; Ecclesiastes 12:7. Hear now from Solomon, whom God granted wisdom, power, money, and glory because he asked God: "For wisdom to judge His people," 2 Chronicles 1:11-12.
d. Solomon wrote: “Moreover, because the preacher was wise, he still taught the people knowledge; yea, he gave good heed and sought out, and set in order many proverbs. The preacher sought to find acceptable words; what was written was upright, even words of truth. The words of the wise are as goads and as nails fastened by the masters of assemblies, which are given from one shepherd. And further, by these, my son, be admonished: of making many books, there is no end, and much study is a weariness of the flesh. Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is man's whole duty. For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether good or evil.” Ecclesiastes 12:9-14. Consider,
1) This is the wisdom I sought and now possess as a blessing from God, James 1:5-8; James 3:17-18.
2) Now, let's listen to the beloved Apostle Paul. He penned: “For I am the least of the Apostle, that am not meet to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God. But by the grace of God, I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I labored more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me. Therefore, whether it was I or they, so we preach, and so ye believed,” 1 Corinthians 15:9-11.
3) These are the words of the most acclaimed Apostle, yet counted himself the least and not worthy to be called an apostle. His letter reveals the "mystery of Christ and godliness," 1 Timothy 3:15; Titus 1:1-3. Let's hear him again! He wrote,
e. To Ephesus: “Wherefore I also, after I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and love unto all the saints, Cease not to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers; That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Him: The eyes of your understanding being enlightened; that ye may know what is the hope of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints,” Ephesians 1:15-18. How did this understanding of enlightenment occur? Let’s hear him,
1) He inscribed: “For this cause I, Paul, the prisoner of Jesus Christ for you Gentiles if ye have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God which is given me to you-ward: How that by revelation he made known unto me the mystery; (as I wrote afore in few words, Whereby, when ye read, you may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ). Which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of men, as it is now revealed unto His holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit; That the Gentiles should be fellow-heirs, and of the same body, and partakers of His promise in Christ by the gospel,” Ephesians 3:1-6. Here it is: please observe,
2) First, “If ye have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God which is given me to you-ward.”
3) Further, “How that by revelation He made known unto me the mystery; (as I wrote afore in few words.”
4) Next, “Whereby, when ye read.”
5) Finally, “Ye may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ).”
6) What was the mystery Paul: “Which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of men, as it is now revealed unto His holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit; That the Gentiles should be fellow-heirs, and of the same body, and partakers of His promise in Christ by the gospel.”
f. Isaiah wrote: “Whom shall he teach knowledge? And whom shall we make to understand doctrine? To them, who are weaned from the milk and drawn from the breasts? For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little,” Isaiah 28:9-10. Continuing,
B. Holy apostles and prophets. Jesus promised His Apostles divine help from the Holy Spirit in their preaching and defense of the word of the Lord. Jesus said unto them early in His work among them to prepare the 12 apostles for their work after He left them and returned to glory. Observe,
1. First, “But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues, And ye shall be brought before governors and kings for my sake, and for a testimony against them and the Gentiles. But when they deliver you up, take no thought how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak. For it is not you that speak, but the Spirit of your Father which speaketh in you,” Matthew 10:17-20.
2. Further, “But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you,” John 14:27; John 15:26-27. As I mentioned earlier,
3. Finally, Jesus said unto them, "I have many things to say unto you, but you cannot bear them now. Howbeit, when He, the Spirit of truth, is come, He will guide you into all truth: for He shall not speak of Himself, but whatsoever He shall hear, that shall He speak: and He will shew you: things to come. He shall glorify me: for He shall receive of mine, and shew it unto you. All things that the Father hath are mine: therefore, said I, that He shall take of mine, and shew it unto you,” John 16:12-15; John 7:16-18.
4. Conclusion. Do you remember the troubledness of the heart I mentioned earlier? Well, I see it now in your faces. Jesus did not rely on all that He taught them to be recalled to their memory; it would be the Holy Spirit's work to remind, guide, and instruct them in speaking and recording every word that: "proceeded out from the mouth of God."
C. Holy men of God recorded the divine will and way of God. They did it with the guidance of the Holy Spirit. Peter wrote,
1. First, “Of which salvation the prophets had enquired and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come unto you: Searching what, or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ which was in them did signify when it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ, and the glory that should follow. Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto themselves, but unto us they did minister the things, which are now reported unto you by them that have preached the gospel unto you with the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven; which things the angels desire to investigate,” 1 Peter 1:10-12. Also, “But the word of the Lord endureth forever. And this is the word (true grace) which by the gospel is preached unto you,” 1 Peter 1:25; 1 Peter 5:12. Paul described it unto the elders of Ephesus, “as the gospel of the grace of God,” Acts 20:24.
2. Further, “Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as the Holy Ghost moved them," 2 Peter 1:20-21.
3. Finally, “If any man speaks, let him speak as the oracles of God; if any man minister, let him do it as of (with) the ability which God giveth: that God in all things may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom be praise and dominion forever and ever. Amen,” 1 Peter 4:11.
4. Conclusion. Peter's words were given to him by the same Spirit given to Paul. The eternal Spirit of God guided holy men of God to speak and write the holy scriptures. And when they spoke from them, and about them, they recognized it was God's words they were imparting unto the world. As the Holy Spirit preserved Paul's Letters, so did Peter's Letters. And we can be confident that is so for the entire Holy Bible.
D. Apostles’ authenticity of their Letters. We do not need the Biblical Canon of the Scriptures to provide the certainty of the authenticity of the Letters of the Apostles. In truth, their style and form of writing aided in the Biblical Canon of the Letters in the New Testament. We have the apostles' own words for the letter's authenticity, which were written and sent to the churches of Christ in the first century. Observe,
1. In Paul's Letters to the churches, he certifies that he wrote unto them by his hands. Thus, he was authenticating the Letters to the churches.
a. To Galatia, he wrote: “Ye see how large a letter I have written unto you with mine own hand," Galatians 6:11. We believe that to be so because his eyes were weak, and perhaps his hand shaky, Galatians 6:11-15. Yet he closed out each letter he wrote and sent to the "first-century" churches of the Lord Jesus Christ.
b. To Ephesus, he penned: “How that by revelation he made known unto me the mystery; (as I wrote afore in few words, Whereby, when ye read, ye may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ),” Ephesians 3:3-4. Notice the form I wrote, you read, and you understood. What Paul? My knowledge of "the mystery of Christ." They needed to obtain an enlightening difference from the Apostle's written message. So, we read and obtain the same knowledge and understanding of the mystery of Christ! Amen, brother Walls and sister Ceilings!
c. To the Hebrews, he inscribed: “Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting Covenant: Make you perfect in every good work to do His will, working in you that which is well-pleasing in His sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be glory forever and ever. Amen. And I beseech you, brethren, suffer the word of exhortation: for I have written a letter unto you in few words. Know that our brother Timothy is set at liberty; with whom, if he comes shortly, I will see you,” Hebrews 13:20-23.
2. Peter’s certification of his letter written to the “scattered Jewish and Gentile saints.” He penned: “By Silvanus (Silas), a faithful brother unto you, as I suppose, I have written briefly, exhorting, and testifying that this is the true grace of God wherein you stand,” 1 Peter 5:12. Finally,
3. The Letter of Jude. James' brother inscribed: "Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, to them that are sanctified by God the Father, and preserved in Jesus Christ, and called: Mercy unto you, and peace, and love, be multiplied,” Jude 1:1-2. He continued: “Beloved when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, and it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that you should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints,” Jude 1:3. Embedded in the Letters of the apostles, and other authors is their certification, that they wrote the letter.
4. Conclusion: In some Letters, the author acknowledges that he has written the words of mercy, peace, and love unto the saints. This statement of identity affirms the authorship of the letter. We do not doubt that their words were inspired by recollection and revelation. In some instances, the writer mentioned that he had imparted the words unto the saints before the letter was written. This teaching was during their "missionary work" among them beforehand. As I conclude this point, I must share that such "salutations and benedictions" are similar in all the authors' letters. Observe,
E. Apostles' "Salutations and Benedictions." We also find them embedded in the Letters of the apostles, their unique "fingerprints" or a pattern found in their "Salutations" and "Benedictions" to the churches whom they wrote to provide further "doctrine and encouragement." Observe,
1. Let's begin here with a definition of both these words: salutation and benediction. I consulted Wikipedia for its definition of these two words.
a. First, Salutation: “A salutation is a greeting in a letter or other communication. Salutations can be formal or informal. The most common form of salutation in an English letter includes the recipient's given name or a title. Some greetings are considered vulgar, others "rude," and others "polite." In our English, salutations: "such as "Dear Mr. Smith" or by a given name, such as "Dear Mark," are polite. Wikipedia, Salutation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salutation. Conversely, a benediction reflects similar imprints of the writers. A salutation in the Bible would most likely begin as we have observed earlier: “Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, to them that God sanctifies," Jude 1:1. Wikipedia, again,
b. Further, Benediction: “A benediction (Latin: bene, well + dicere, to speak) is a short invocation for divine help, blessing, and guidance, usually at the end of a worship service. Wikipedia, Benediction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benediction. In their benedictions, the writers invoked God's blessings, protection, and preservation unto the saints, whom they have written to affectionately or to chastise (as in some of Paul's Letters to the churches).
c. Finally, the letter to the churches. Most letters begin with a "salutation" and end with a "benediction." In these salutations and benedictions, each of these authors' Letters contains specific words, expressions, and encouragements that identify the writers of these Letters. We will consider this truth before ending our discussion of this point in the lesson. Consider,
2. Biblical salutations. At this junction, we will consider formal salutations from several biblical authors. We will study their various Introductions beginning with their Letters to identify their own "personal style" of "salutations” at the start of their Letters to the churches. Observe,
a. Paul's salutation. He customarily begins with 1) "Paul, an apostle, 2) including the brethren with him (if so), 3) then, unto the church or churches, 4) giving its name, 5) an affirmation of grace, mercy, peace, or love, and 6) the glory to God, the Father, or the Lord Jesus Christ. I will call these inclusions into Paul and the other writers their “Trademarks” in their Letters. He wrote to the church,
1) At Galatia: “Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised Him from the dead.) And all the brethren which are with me, unto the churches of Galatia, Grace be to you and peace from God the Father, and from our Lord Jesus Christ…To whom be glory forever and ever. Amen,” Galatians 1:1-5.
2) At Ephesus: “Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, to the saints which are at Ephesus, and to the faithful in Christ Jesus: Grace be to you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ…To praise the glory of His grace, wherein He hath made us accepted in the beloved,” Ephesians 1:1-6.
3) At Philippi: "Paul, and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops, and deacons: Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ," Philippians 1:1-2. Paul, in this salutation calls him and Timotheus, the servant of Jesus Christ, and his “glory and praise to God” came later in his salutation, Philippians 1:11.
4) At Colossae: “Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timotheus, our brother. To the saints and faithful brethren in Christ at Colosse: Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. We thank God and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, praying always for you,” Colossians 1:1-3. A few more of Paul, then we will review some of the other Authors of the New Testament. Let’s consider 1st and 2nd Timothy, and finally, Titus.
5) The First Epistle to Timothy: "Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the commandment of God our Saviour, and Lord Jesus Christ, which is our hope. Unto Timothy, my own Son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God our Father, and Jesus Christ our Lord. As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into Macedonia, that thou mightiest charge some that they teach no other doctrine," 1 Timothy 1:1-3.
6) The Second Epistle to Timothy: "Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus. To Timothy, my dearly beloved Son: Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. I thank God, whom I serve from my forefathers with a pure conscience, that without ceasing I have remembrance of thee in my prayer’s night and day,” 2 Timothy 1:1-3.
7) The Epistle to Titus: "Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God's elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness: In the hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began. But hath in due times manifested His word through preaching, which is committed unto me according to the commandments of God our Saviour. To Titus, mine own Son after the common faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour," Titus 1:1-4. I recommend continuing this lesson by discussing the other 20 Letters written by this beloved Apostle. [Most texts were shortened for brevity]. All of Paul’s Trademarks are in his Letters. Let’s now consider,
b. Peter’s salutation. He begins his salutation with 1) his name, 2) declaring his apostleship, 3) addressing the scattered saints, 4) giving their locations, 5) affirming their calling and election, and 6) giving them a pronouncement of grace, mercy, and peace, 1 Peter 1:1-5; 2 Peter 1:1-4.
c. James’ salutation. He is the Lord's brother. He begins with 1) His name, 2) declaring himself to be a servant of God and the Lord, 3) addressing the twelve scattered tribes, 4) calling them brethren, and 5) providing words of encouragement, wisdom, and assurance from God.
d. John’s salutation. They are the beloved apostles of Christ. John gives very little credit to himself as the writer of these Epistles. He follows a familiar pattern or "Trademark" in his letters. It consists of his 1) greeting the "elect lady and her children," 2) their love of truth, 3) their knowledge of truth, 4) his affirmation of grace, mercy, and peace, 5) giving glory to God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and 6) his rejoicing greatly in them in their walking in truth, and the commandments from the Father.
e. Conclusion. All these inspired writers of the word of God had their introduction to their Letters unto the Saints. We can find similar words of introductions and phrases of kindness, hope, and love in the Father, the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. They would commend and chastise members of the assembly personally when it was necessary. These words were always written in the hope of helping the church to work together and love each other with a pure heart fervently. And so should our lessons, teaching, and words of encouragement follow his love pattern for the saints. We find identifiable "Trademarks" in the benedictions as well. Observe,
3. Biblical benedictions. Recall the benediction, a short invocation for divine help, blessing, and guidance, usually at the end of the letter. In this section, I will present their order and certification of authenticity of their Letters to the churches and the saints. I will keep this short so as not to prolong the lesson. Observe in,
a. Paul’s Letters. He mentions the brethren with him, those who would be bearing the letter unto them, prayers for God's help among them, and charges them to remain faithful and be at peace with one another. Notice,
1) To Galatia. He grants them words of assurance and encouragement, certifying the letter was written by his hand and charging them to remain in the grace of God, Galatians 6:9-11. Closing out: “Brethren, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen,” Galatians 6:18.
2) To Ephesus, "Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord…But that ye may know my affairs, and how I do, Tychicus, a beloved brother, and faithful minister in the Lord, shall tell you all things, for I sent unto you for the same purpose, that ye might know our affairs, and that he might comfort your hearts. Peace be to the brethren and love with faith from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity. Amen," Ephesians 6:11-24.
3) To Philippi. "But my God shall supply all your needs according to His riches in glory by Christ Jesus. Now unto God and our Father be glory forever and ever. Amen. Salute every saint in Christ. The brothers who are with me greet you. All the saints salute you, chiefly those of Caesar's household. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ is with you all. Amen," Philippians 4:19-23.
4) To Colossae. Paul writes unto them greetings from the brethren, Colossians 4:7-14. Closing out with: “Salute the brethren which are in Laodicea, and Nymphas, and the church which is in his house. And when this epistle is read among you…And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfill it—the salutation by my hand, Paul. Remember my bonds. Grace, be with you. Amen," Colossians 4:15-18.
5) To Timothy, and Titus. He wrote: “O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called: Which some professing have erred concerning the faith. Grace be with thee. Amen,” 1 Timothy 6:20-21.
a) Also, to Timothy: “Salute Prisca and Aquila, and the household of Onesiphorus. Erastus abode at Corinth: but Trophimus have I left at Miletum sick. Do thy diligence to come before winter. Eubulus greeteth thee, Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brethren. The Lord Jesus Christ be with thy spirit. Grace, be with you. Amen,” 2 Timothy 4:19-22.
b) And finally, unto Titus: “When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come unto me to Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter. Bring Zenas, the lawyer, and Apollos on their journey diligently so that nothing will be wanting unto them. And let us also learn to maintain good works for necessary uses so they are not unfruitful. All that are with me salute thee. Greet them that love us in the faith. Grace, be with you all. Amen,” Titus 3:12-15.
b. Peter’s Letters, “By Silvanus, a faithful brother unto you, as I suppose, I have written briefly, exhorting, and testifying that this is the true grace of God wherein ye stand. The church at Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you; and so doth Marcus my son. Greet ye one another with a kiss of charity. Peace be with you all that are in Christ Jesus. Amen,” 1 Peter 5:12-14. And, finally, “But grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. To Him be glory both now and forever. Amen,” 2 Peter 3:18.
c. John’s Letters. His benedictions are relatively short. "Little children, keep yourselves from idols. Amen," 1 John 5:21.
1) Again, "Having many things to write unto you, I would not write with paper and ink: but I trust to come unto you, and speak face to face, that our joy may be full. The children of thy elect sist greet thee. Amen," 2 John 1:13.
2) And, finally, "I had many things to write, but I will not with ink and pen write unto thee: But I trust I shall shortly see thee, and we shall speak face to face. Peace be to thee. Our friends salute thee. Greet the friends by name," 3 John 1:13-14.
4. Conclusion. Time does not permit me to address every Letter's Salutation and Benediction. I have included much more than I originally intended.
a. These should be sufficient for every believer in Christ. We can observe each writer's style, pattern, or Trademark mentioned in the lesson.
b. Each shows a great affection for the saints. I am calling them beloved brothers and children of God.
c. What a great picture preserved herein regarding the care and love these men of God shared among the saints whom they "fathered in Christ," 1 Corinthians 4:15; James 1:18; 1 Peter 1:23.
d. These, of course, do not include all but do establish each writer’s Trademark, and we can be confident they were being guided by the "hand of God" in their instruction, encouragement, and final exhortation to remain "faithful to their calling and election unto Him,” 2 Peter 1:10-11. [Most texts were shortened for brevity]. When we return, we will discuss our last and final point in this lesson, the process of human translation. Recall that I discussed...
CONCLUSION
A. Outline.
2. The Process of Divine Inspiration
B. Summarize main points.
1. Today, we discussed the process of divine inspiration in recording the word of God. "Inspiration" means "the breathing forth of the word of God," Matthew 4:4. We can be sure of the authenticity of the "word of God" recorded by the hands of the apostles because it was done through the "inspiration of God," 2 Timothy 3:16-17. Holy men of God: "Spoke and wrote as the Spirit gave them utterance and recollection," 2 Peter 1:20-21; Acts 2:1-4.
2. Peter further explained: "If any man speaks, let him speak of the oracles of God," 1 Peter 4:11. God's divine truths were revealed and recorded through the process of divine inspiration: through the hands of the apostles, Galatians 6:11; Ephesians 3:3-4; Hebrews 13:22; 1 Peter 5:12.
3. Referring to these first two processes: the revelation and inspiration of the “word of God.” The Psalmist David wrote: “The word of the Lord is right, and all His works are done in truth,” Psalms 33:4. And, “Forever, O Lord, thy word is settled in heaven,” Psalms 119:89.
C. Invitation. Present God’s pattern of conversion. Jesus said: "Come unto me all ye that labor," Matthew 11:28-30. [Explain the POC, i.e., hearing and believing the gospel; repentance of all past sins; confessing faith in Christ, as the Son of God; and then, by obeying the gospel; that is to: "repent and be baptized, in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and to receive the gift of the Holy Ghost," Acts 2:38; Romans 6:17-18; Ephesians 1:12-14]. See the attachments below.
D. Exhortation. “The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved,” Jeremiah 8:20.
E. Motivation. Do as Peter directed: “Save thyself,” Acts 2:40; Acts 2:36-39; Acts 2:41.
Consultations and Commendations
I submit this verse unto you that I may: “Render therefore to all their dues: tributes to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; and honor to whom honor, (is due),” Romans 13:7. I acknowledge my consultation with these distinguished authors in this lesson.
References
1. Textus Receptus, taken from the Greek Text of Stephens 1550, The Englishman’s Greek New Testament, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, First Zondervan Printing, Copyright 1970.
2. The New Greek-English Interlinear New Testament; United Bible Societies,’ Fourth, Corrected Edition, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL, Copyright 1990.
3. The Greek–English Interlinear, ESV New Testament, Published by Crossway, Wheaton, IL 60187, Copyright 2018.
4. The New Greek/English Interlinear, NRSV, New Testament, United Bible Societies,’ Fifth Revised Edition, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, IL 60188, Copyright 2020.
5. The Greek-English Interlinear CSB New Testament, Holman Bible Publishers, 28th Revised Edition, Christian Standard Bible, One LifeWay Plaza, Nashville, TN 37234, Copyright 2022.
6. The BlueLetterBible.org, (BLB’s) Interlinear, Textus Receptus; and the Morphological GNT, Copyright 2022. This tool allows you to access the Greek New Testament in both manuscripts. http://www.blb.org/. The BLB also provides tutorials to help you learn how to use it in your bible study and research—The Link to this tool is (www.BLB.org).
7. [12] McKim, DK, Westminster Dictionary of theological terms, Westminster John Knox Press, 1996.
8. [13] Geisler, N. L. (ed), Inerrancy, Zondervan, 1980, p. 22.
9. [14] Frame, John M. "Is the Bible Inerrant?" IIIM Magazine Online, Volume 4, Number 19, May 13 to May 20, 2002. 1]. The article "Is The Bible Inerrant?" by Professor John M. Frame,
10. [15] Lindsell, Harold. The Battle for the Bible. Zondervan, 1978, p. 31. ISBN 978-0-310-27681-4.
11. [46]. McGrath, Alister E., Christian Theology: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1994; 3rd ed. 2001. p. 176.
12. [53] Driver, S. R., Church Congress speech, cited in F.W. Farrar, The Bible: Its Meaning and Supremacy, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1897.
13. [54]. Mozley, J. K., "The Bible: Its Unity, Inspiration, and Authority," in W.R. Matthews, ed., The Christian Faith: Essays in Explanation and Defense, Harper, and Bros., 1936. pp. 58-59.
14. [90]. See Encyclical Letter of 1893 quoted in Schwarz, W., Principles, and Problems of Biblical Translation: Some Reformation Controversies and Their Background, CUP Archive, 1955, p. 11.
15. Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible, by Matthew Henry, Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Grand Rapids, MI, 1706.
16. The People's New Testament, by B. W. Johnson, Christian Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1891.
17. Vine’s Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, by W. E. Vine, Fleming H. Revell Company, Old Tappan, NJ, Copyright, 1981.
18. Smith's Bible Dictionary, William Smith, Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Printing 1884.
19. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary © 2015 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated; Springfield, Massachusetts, 01105.
20. Merriam-Webster Online Thesaurus © 2015 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated; Springfield, Massachusetts, 01105.
21. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc., 1 Montgomery Street, Suite 1600, San Francisco, CA 94104, Copyright 2023. http://en.wikipedia.org.
22. The BlueLetterBible.org, (BLB’s) Interlinear, Textus Receptus; and the Morphological GNT, © 2022, by the Blue Letter Bible. This tool allows you to access the Greek New Testament in both manuscripts. http://www.blb.org/The BLB also provides tutorials to help you learn how to use it. Link, (www.BLB.org).
A word of thanks to BLB.org.
Thank you for this valuable study tool, BLB.org. It has been an excellent instrument for me to learn and use the Interlinear to bring my sermons alive to the audience. Thank you very much for this great Application to help study the scriptures.
Author’s Contact Information
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Worldwide Ministry Church of Christ.org.TM
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