I. Fasting Defined: Refraining from eating and/or drinking.
A. Three degrees or types of fasting are mentioned in Scripture.
1. Normal Fast - total abstinence from food (Matthew 4:1-2 & Luke 4:1-2).
a. Matthew 4:1-2
1 Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted by the devil. 2 After fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry. (NIV)
b. Luke 4:1-2
1 Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the desert, 2 where for forty days he was tempted by the devil. He ate nothing during those days, and at the end of them he was hungry. (NIV)
2. Absolute Fast - total abstinence from food and water.
Usually lasts no more than three days (Ezra 10:1-6; Ester 4:15-17; & Acts 9:9).
a. Ezra 10:1-6
1 While Ezra was praying and confessing, weeping and throwing himself down before the house of God, a large crowd of Israelites-- men, women and children-- gathered around him. They too wept bitterly. 2 Then Shecaniah son of Jehiel, one of the descendants of Elam, said to Ezra, "We have been unfaithful to our God by marrying foreign women from the peoples around us. But in spite of this, there is still hope for Israel. 3 Now let us make a covenant before our God to send away all these women and their children, in accordance with the counsel of my lord and of those who fear the commands of our God. Let it be done according to the Law. 4 Rise up; this matter is in your hands. We will support you, so take courage and do it." 5 So Ezra rose up and put the leading priests and Levites and all Israel under oath to do what had been suggested. And they took the oath. 6 Then Ezra withdrew from before the house of God and went to the room of Jehohanan son of Eliashib. While he was there, he ate no food and drank no water, because he continued to mourn over the unfaithfulness of the exiles. (NIV)
b. Esther 4:15-17
15 Then Esther sent this reply to Mordecai: 16 "Go, gather together all the Jews who are in Susa, and fast for me. Do not eat or drink for three days, night or day. I and my maids will fast as you do. When this is done, I will go to the king, even though it is against the law. And if I perish, I perish." 17 So Mordecai went away and carried out all of Esther’s instructions. (NIV)
c. Acts 9:1-9
1 Meanwhile, Saul was still breathing out murderous threats against the Lord’s disciples. He went to the high priest 2 and asked him for letters to the synagogues in Damascus, so that if he found any there who belonged to the Way, whether men or women, he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem. 3 As he neared Damascus on his journey, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him. 4 He fell to the ground and heard a voice say to him, "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?" 5 "Who are you, Lord?" Saul asked. "I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting," he replied. 6 "Now get up and go into the city, and you will be told what you must do." 7 The men traveling with Saul stood there speechless; they heard the sound but did not see anyone. 8 Saul got up from the ground, but when he opened his eyes he could see nothing. So they led him by the hand into Damascus. 9 For three days he was blind, and did not eat or drink anything. (NIV)
3. Partial Fast - Abstinence from a particular portion or part of one’s typical diet
(Daniel 10:1-3).
1 In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia, a revelation was given to Daniel (who was called Belteshazzar). Its message was true and it concerned a great war. The understanding of the message came to him in a vision. 2 At that time I, Daniel, mourned for three weeks. 3 I ate no choice food; no meat or wine touched my lips; and I used no lotions at all until the three weeks were over. (NIV)
II. Fasting Practiced.
A. Can be PRIVATE (Matthew 6:16-18).
16 "When you fast, do not look somber as the hypocrites do, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. I tell you the truth, they have received their reward in full. 17 But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, 18 so that it will not be obvious to men that you are fasting, but only to your Father, who is unseen; and your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.
B. Can be PUBLIC .
1. I Samuel 7:5-6
5 Then Samuel said, "Assemble all Israel at Mizpah and I will intercede with the LORD for you." 6 When they had assembled at Mizpah, they drew water and poured it out before the LORD. On that day they fasted and there they confessed, "We have sinned against the LORD." And Samuel was leader of Israel at Mizpah. (NIV)
2. II Chronicles 20:1-19
3. Jeremiah 36:5-9
4. Jonah 3:1-10
III. Fasting’s Purpose.
A. FELLOWSHIP WITH GOD .
1. Exodus 34:28
28 Moses was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights without eating bread or drinking water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant-- the Ten Commandments. (NIV)
2. Luke 2:36-38
B. CONFESSION .
1. I Samuel 7:1-13
2. Nehemiah 9:1-3
C. SERVICE .
1. Ester 4:12-17
2. Acts 13:2
While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, "Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them."
3. Acts 14:21-23
D. PETITION .
1. Ezra 8:23
So we fasted and petitioned our God about this, and he answered our prayer. (NIV)
2. Psalm 35:10-15
E. REPENTANCE .
1. I Kings 21:1-29
12 ’Even now,’ declares the LORD, ’return to me with all your heart, with fasting and weeping and mourning.’ 13 Rend your heart and not your garments. Return to the LORD your God, for he is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and abounding in love, and he relents from sending calamity. (NIV)
2. Joel 1:5-15
3. Joel 2:12-18
F. WORSHIP .
1. Judges 20:12-35
2. Psalm 109:21-31
3. Daniel 9:1-23
G. SEEKING GOD’S FAVOR .
1. II Samuel 12:16-23
2. Ezra 8:21-23
3. Nehemiah 1:1-11
H. REVERENCE
1. I Chronicles 10:6-14
2. Ester 9:28-32
IV. Fasting Paradigm
A. It does not replace OBEDIENCE .
1. Isaiah 58:1-14
2. Jeremiah 14:7-12
B. It does not CREATE a relationship.
1. Zechariah 7:1-12
2. Matthew 9:10-15
3. Mark 2:18-20
4. Luke 5:29-35
5. Luke 18:9-14
