This paper expresses my mature theology of ministry. It will make use of my previous papers on ministry, leadership, and integrity. I will explain how I view my ministry in light of the challenges of the contemporary Church and Culture. I will answer the following questions: What is the task of ministry in today’s world? What are its challenges? What is the relationship between Church and World?
MINISTRY PAPER SUMMARY
This “Theology of Ministry” section will address the following issues: norms: Biblical and theological understanding of ministry models; contexts of ministry (Clinical Pastoral Education, my endorser, my denomination, and culture), and skills sets. This will include which functions come easily to me, which are challenges, and how I balance them.
Regarding norms, Biblical and theological understanding of ministry models, Avery Dulles wrote in Chapter I about “The Use of Models in Ecclesiology”. The models are elaborated on the next page. In Chapter III, “The Church as a Mystical Communion”, Dulles wrote, “The abiding presence of the Holy Spirit is capable of being integrated with the concept of the People of God, especially if this is developed along the lines of the “new covenant” written on men’s hearts (Jer.31:33).” The Holy Spirit is promised to us by Christ. The verse he mentioned follows. “But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the LORD, “I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it; and I will be Their God, and they shall be My people.” A covenant is a promise.
This promise is that we have The Lord in us, and we are His people. I try to have the Holy Spirit’s gifts working in my life, which are in 1 Corinthians 12, Romans 12, and Ephesians 4. The latter is verse 11 “And he gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers”). I try to have the fruit of the Spirit to balance the gifts. Galatians 5:22,23 states “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control”.
Chapter V is “The Church as Herald”. I was in a Youth With A Mission band in the summer of 1990 named “The Herald” in Glasgow, Scotland. We learned the motto of the city was “Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of Thy Word and praising Thy Name.” Later, it was shortened to “Let Glasgow flourish,” and call it coincidence, the shipbuilding industry crashed. Just as Glasgow originally flourished, I am thankful I can lead worship and preach every other week at the Federal Correctional Complex in Florence, Colorado. I end my services with the Great
Commission of Matthew 28: 18-20, which Dulles mentions.
Chapter VI is “Servant model of leadership”. Luke 22:26 states, “But it is not this way with you, but the one who is the greatest among you must become like the youngest, and the leader like the servant.” I recently helped at a large church get extra chairs for the overflow crowd even though I did not have to as I was a servant leader.
In Chapter XII Dulles wrote about “The Evaluations of Models” based on their
1. Basis in Scripture
2. Basis in Christian tradition
3. Capacity to give Church members a sense of their corporate identity and mission.
4. Tendency to foster the virtues and values generally admired by Christians.
5. Correspondence with the religious experience of men (and women, my edit) today.
6. Theological fruitfulness.
7. Fruitfulness in enabling Church members to relate successfully to those outside their own group. The actual models (followed by my comments) are
The institutional model. We need to focus on relationships for it to last.
The community model. The church needs to reach beyond its walls.
The sacramental model. These are baptism and the Lord’s Supper for Protestants.
The kerygmatic model. The initial proclamation of the Gospel.
The diaconal model. This is using deacons. Since I was with the Presbyterian Church
(USA) until 1997, I am familiar with them helping the elders.
Regarding contexts of ministry, I have five units of Clinical Pastoral Education, and I worked for Fort Carson’s Evans Army Community Hospital for one and a half years as their Deputy Chief Chaplain and Senior Clinician. After this, I earned my Hospital Chaplain Additional Skill Identifier as well as my Combat Ministry identifier.
Regarding the Evangelical Chaplains Commission (ECC) of the National Association of Evangelicals, I learned last year they would not support my belief that only our assistants should pass out non-Judeo/Christian literature at the Federal prison, where I am a full-time chaplain, since they are not ordained and endorsed. I was suspended for a day because of this. This is in tension with “We believe the Bible to be the inspired, the only infallible, authoritative Word of God” because the Koran is not the Word of God. Out of curiosity, I checked with the Chaplaincy of Full Gospel Churches and they agree with the ECC.
Regarding my denomination, the Vineyard USA, the church that covers my ordination does not sound like it supports me either. This is in tension with “the Vineyard movement must express the historical, biblical, orthodox Christian beliefs” which the Koran does not include. I am glad it currently is not a challenge at the prison, we will see what this year has in store.
A couple of the PDFs we were to read indirectly reference The Vineyard. Dulles is quoted as well. “THE ANATOMY OF SUCCESS According to Dulles, the modern notion of ministerial success is not so much about simple church growth as it is about the minister’s ability to attract large numbers of people by his personal appeal, and then to create powerful religious experiences for them.” We continue regarding success.
“THE CHURCH’S EMBRACE OF SUCCESS During the 1970s and 1980s, one of the most influential schools of thought in seminary circles was the “church growth” movement founded by Donald McGavran and C. Peter Wagner.” Wagner taught the infamous MC510 Signs and Wonders with John Wimber, a founding leader of The Vineyard. I watched the videos and have the syllabus.
Wayne Grudem is mentioned, who wrote the Power and Truth Vineyard Position Paper. This and other papers in the series helped me with my transition from the Presbyterian Church (USA) to The Vineyard. We describe ourselves as Empowered Evangelicals, written by the founder of the largest Vineyard.
Tim Keller wrote about the tranformationist model and the relevance model. “By adapting so heavily and readily to the culture, such churches are quickly seen as dated whenever the culture shifts.” The Vineyard USA tries to be current with the culture. We used to be more famous for our worship music, but Bethel, Elevation, etc. are more popular now.
Regarding my functions and skills set, my strengths are pastor, teacher, and evangelist. The latter is done with a reentry to society class I teach to twenty-four inmates a week at the prison. These strengths can be found in Ephesians 4: 11 “He gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers.” My challenges are patience, working in interfaith situations, injustice, inefficiency, and incompetence. I address these in a later paper. I balance them by focusing on my strengths due to the following.
Tom Rath from Gallup wrote StrengthFinders 2.0. I was trained in it at the Brigade Chaplains’ Course at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. “If your manager primarily focuses on your strengths, the chances of your being actively disengaged are 1%”. In other words, we will do better focusing on our strengths than weaknesses, so we do really well with our strengths. I try to improve on my weaknesses, but I focus on my strengths.
LEADERSHIP PAPER SUMMARY
This “The Minister as Leader” section interacts with my readings and appropriate biblical texts and theological resources. I will address my strengths and weaknesses as a leader. For my weaknesses, I will provide a preliminary plan to address them and strengthen my leadership.
My strengths are being a pastor, teacher, worship leader, and participating in outreach. My main way of doing the latter at the Federal Correctional Complex in Florence, Colorado is by teaching a reentry-to-society class called Threshold. It hints at Christianity even though it is open to all faiths. I also do the previous three strengths at the prison and in the Army Reserve.
Carey Nieuwhof’s chapter two is about “Kicking Cynicism in the Teeth”, which snuffs out hope. I have been warned about cynicism and sarcasm since 1990. He wrote curiosity is the discipline that kills it. The points from Nieuwhof that I need to work on are as follows:
Ask open-ended questions, give fewer answers, and ask why and why not. The older I get the more introverted I am becoming. I agree we need to sometimes ask questions that sometimes do not have yes or no answers. I ask why and why not, but it sometimes irritates my bosses.
Nieuwhof’s chapter four is about “Taking Your Soul off the Market”. I agree with taking responsibility if I make mistakes and making my talk match my walk with Christ. I have paid for lunch since working at the Federal prison, even though many others do not. The inmates and staff notice. I pray others get closer to Christ because of this. Luke 16:10 states, “He who is faithful in a very little thing is faithful also in much.”
He wrote about putting yourself first regarding growth. Examples of this are professional development in the Army, the Federal prison, school, etc. My thesis is about the Army relationship program I volunteered to get trained in over my twenty-two-year career. I go to church conferences when I can for development, and I attend Zoom conferences on my lunch at work when I can. This includes a monthly Rocky Mountain Family Therapy Network Zoom.
Nieuwhof’s chapter seven is “Change Never Asks Permission”. When I found out I would not make Major on Active Duty I went to our airfield in Afghanistan, threw rocks, and yelled at God. Looking back, I believe in Providence, as I have been leading worship / preaching to more people at the Federal prison since 2010 than I would have on Active Duty. As you know, several chaplains are wanting to preach every Sunday at Army chapels. We are short chaplains in the prison. I have also led reentry small groups consistently and have counseled since then.
Nieuwhof’s chapter eight is about “Craving Different”. Change can be difficult for me. I agree I may need to get radical. My interpretation of this is to be prophetic, which I do more at the prison since I do not want to risk my Army Reserve retirement. If I retire by the end of the year from the latter, I will be able to share my thoughts more freely. At the moment I have to be careful what I write and say.
He wrote, “Be a student of culture.” I have studied about fifteen religions in the Federal prison as well as different cultures. A book that gives me hope has the concept that every race has a story that can relate to Christ. I try to build a bridge to Him when it is appropriate.
Nieuwhof suggested I surround myself with younger people. I am fifty-six, so this is somewhat easy. Many of whom I minister to at the Federal prison in Florence, Colorado, and in the Army Reserve are younger than I am. I do not have any children, so I mentor those who are younger there. Some are my spiritual children.
He advised us to lean into God. I try to go to two services a week and listen to worship CDs on the way to work. I pray, study the Bible and worship daily. I share my faith when I can.
Nieuwhof encouraged rest. I purposefully sleep in on my two days off a week and use the evenings for work. I occasionally use my sick leave at work which I will lose if I do not retire from the prison. I will enjoy more free time when I retire from the Army Reserve this year.
He wrote about comparing ourselves with others, writing: “Your self-worth is determined by your latest performance.” As you know, we have to “walk on water” on Army evaluations to get promoted. I do not want my supervisor’s job at the prison, due to potential lawsuits, etc. But getting good evaluations are important to me, as well as awards. I realize I may have to wait to get my reward in heaven.
I must be careful regarding this quote by Keller: “When work is your identity, success goes to your head, and failure goes to your heart.” I am very busy with work, school, and the Reserve. If I do not do well with them, it affects me negatively. I realize I am too busy. I tried graduating from Denver Seminary but that did not happen. I thought I was done with the Reserve in 2022, but thankfully I was extended for a year as we are figuring out my medical retirement.
Nieuwhof warned, “You want some say in everything.” Even though I am becoming quieter as I age, I need to listen and try not to interrupt others. This is what I teach my twenty-four inmates in my two reentry-to-society classes weekly. I teach another class as well.
He wrote about the pride that hardens your heart. He also warned about being superior, judgmental, unaccountable, and isolated. I must be careful about these. The Bible warns us about this as well. “Pride comes before the fall.”
His chapter ten is “Habits of the Humble”. The band I was in during 1990 learned in Youth With A Mission on their Mercy Ship Anastasis the necessity of being humble regarding our musical talents. Once we gave them up to the Lord, He would release us in His time. I gave up the music ministry for three months in Guinea, West Africa, and that is when the Lord opened the door to preaching and teaching more as I showed the Jesus film, and we used a translator for our guests. But I burned out from working too hard, so the Lord sent me to seminary.
Nieuwhof suggested I do what I can. I work hard in my life. God sometimes shut doors and opens others. The Army is competitive and so are evaluations at work and school. Respect is important to me. If we do not have a seat at the table during important meetings, we do not have input. Recently I was told by an executive not to attend meetings twice, even though I was the acting supervisor. Our executive over us said this is wrong, so we will see if this changes. I do what I can.
Concerning weaknesses, I have several of my own that I can work on improving. Patience – I am impressed with our complex warden who listened twice as long to an inmate’s complaints than I would have. I can learn from him. I try to listen, but we are given more tasks than we can complete with our short staffing. Learning from my acting supervisor who has been there longer and from others with more patience is a way to learn.
Working with different faiths – I do not mind opening the chapel, their lockers, and giving natural elements to the inmates, such as firewood, herbs, or juice. What the Native Americans, Pagans, etc. decide to do with them is on them. I pray I am not judged by Christ for doing this. Having appropriate conversations with those of different faiths about Christ may be a way for this to improve.
Dealing with injustice – I am concerned regarding what some would consider hazing by our executive staff and feeding the inmates the minimum they must sometimes. I already had several conversations with executives about my concerns and I will continue to do so.
I filed complaints regarding my previous seminary since they would not let me finish my doctoral thesis even though I did what they asked, and I had a 3.2 Grade Point Average. I transferred Major Commands in the Army Reserve since my last one was not fair regarding my pay. I requested to teach cadets this summer but I was denied due to my medical profile. These are some solutions to injustices in my life.
Inefficiency – My previous Federal Bureau of Prisons Supervisory chaplain did not have as much experience as I do there. He recently quit. My peer is currently my acting supervisor. He made a 2023 religious events calendar which had many mistakes I had to correct. I am thankful he was willing to let our assistant and me correct them. I will try to advise him privately, so he does not get as defensive regarding my suggestions.
Incompetent leaders – Our medium security warden moved the low-security Outdoor Worship Area to slanted land. I warned him during our big rainstorms it may move. Our previous warden won New Warden of the Year and she did not care about its location. I recently saw a situation that reminded me of Abu Ghraib. I pray our new executives are more just.
Nieuwhof wrote about burnout. I have gone through this a couple of times. I have learned to set limits and boundaries regarding what I do and do not do. I will elaborate more on this in the next several paragraphs.
He wrote that little things make you disproportionally emotional. I am aware because I am so busy with work, school, and the Reserve I get angry easily. I am doing what I can to prevent this. Neiuwhof wrote, “You’re becoming cynical.” Something I need to think about is because I am single with no children, is my life all about me or Jesus? This reminds me of the song “All about Jesus”. I pray I focus on Him while I have self-care.
Nieuwhof suggested I tell someone. He wrote about the demise of genuine conversation. My deep conversations are rare. That is a reason I did Denver Seminary’s Doctor of Ministry in Marriage and Family Counseling program, to get to the roots of people’s problems. I lost a friend I have known since 2002 because of something he and a female friend said to each other. I may lose her because I am sometimes too harsh for her since I work for the prison and the Army Reserve.
I confess daily, but do I change? As Paul wrote, I do the things I do not want to do (Romans 7:15). I am improving since I am aging. This program is helping me reflect on areas I need to change.
Nieuwhof’s conclusion is about what self-aware people know that others don’t. This includes their impact on others, their weaknesses, their strengths and their limits. My doctoral classes have helped me become more self-aware.
INTEGRITY PAPER SUMMARY
In his “Praying by the Book” chapter II Eugene Peterson mentioned Hebrews 4: 12-13 which states “For the word of God is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing as far as the division of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart. And there is no creature hidden from His sight, but all things are open and laid bare to the eyes of Him with whom we have to do.” I agree The Word can cause division in today’s world. Jesus can be controversial depending on the setting.
He also mentioned Revelation 1: 16 “In His right hand He held seven stars, and out of His mouth came a sharp two-edged sword; and His face was like the sun [a]shining in its strength..” This can refer to the words of Christ having an impact in our lives. I shared this with an 11 September planner at his request at the Federal prison in Florence, CO.
Peterson wrote, “If we had kept our mouths shut we would not have involved ourselves in such a relentlessly fearsome exposure.” I am learning the importance of sometimes keeping my thoughts to myself. I am more introverted than I was when I was younger.
He wrote in his “Prayer Time” chapter III “The Deuteronomy reason for Sabbath-keeping is that our ancestors in Egypt went four hundred years without a vacation (Duet 5:15)” which is “You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out of there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the LORD your God commanded you to observe the sabbath day.”
I take days off when I can, but I have not had a non-work-related vacation in years. I may go to Israel this summer for two weeks, but it is part of a mission trip. I tend to go to conferences which help me recharge. In the summer I tend to go to the mountains or lakes when I can on my days off. I am traveling for the Army Reserve before September so I will try to enjoy it.
Peterson wrote in his “Practicing Spiritual Direction” Chapter IX “For a start, I can cultivate an attitude of awe.” I try to worship God daily since I stand in awe of Him. Spiritual direction is becoming popular in the Vineyard, but you know I am working on counseling.
He wrote, “Second, I can cultivate an awareness of my ignorance.” One benefit of being involved in two Doctor of
Ministry Programs (Denver and Erskine Seminaries) is learning how much I do not know about Marriage and Family Counseling, etc.
“Third, I can cultivate a predisposition to prayer.” I pray every morning before I get up, before I drive, and throughout the day as I can, and I try to pray for the world before I go to bed.
I have several weaknesses on which I will elaborate. Patience – I am impressed with our complex warden who listened twice as long to an inmate’s complaints that I would have. I can learn from him. Some of the counseling sessions I give are more than an hour.
Working in an interfaith situation - It is challenging helping fifteen religions. I have written before if I must cross spiritual boundaries I will quit. This is like a question asked in our reading “Am I communicating the truth of my message”?
Dealing with injustice - Executives being overly strict at the Federal prison, not being able to graduate from Denver Seminary, and the Army Reserve not reimbursing more than five hundred dollars for travel are some examples of injustices which with I have had to deal.
Inefficiency – My previous supervisor did not have as much prison experience as I did. My peer is currently my acting supervisor. He made a 2023 religious events calendar for 2023 which had many mistakes we had to correct. He sometimes forgets the plans for our complex.
Incompetent leaders – Our medium security warden moved the minimum-security Outdoor Worship Area to slanted land. I warned him during our big rainstorms it may move. Recently he has had a questionable lockdown due to rumors versus physical actions at our high-security prison, which is still open.
Nieuwhof wrote about burnout. I have gone through this a couple of times. I set limits and boundaries now and rest on my days off so prayerfully it will not happen again.
The Army is competitive and so are evaluations at work and school. If we do not have a seat at the table, we do not have input. That is why I encourage our department to attend important meetings. Paul Tripp wrote about impatience with others. As I mentioned above our Complex Warden has more patience than I do. I am trying to spend quality time with those whom I am with.
He encouraged us to “seek out a spiritually mature person to mentor you” and “place yourself under wise and biblical counsel” . At Denver Seminary I met with 2 retired Active Duty Chaplain (Major)s for their mentoring program. I stayed with one of them for my Reserve weekends in Tulsa and we are still in contact. My acting supervisor at the prison has more time working for them than I do so I respect his opinions. I am thankful that two Associate Wardens are supportive. One deployed to Iraq as well so that helps our relationship.
Tripp wrote, “be committed to appropriate self-disclosure in your preaching.” As I wrote above, I must be careful about self-disclosing too much about myself at work when I speak. He wrote about the cycle of danger. This includes unhelpful assumptions. I am the Extroverted, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging Myers Briggs Type Indicator and they warn about assumptions. Tripp also wrote about unrealistic expectations We must be realistic, and not be too optimistic.
I must be careful about “moving from identity in Christ to identity in ministry”. This reminds me of Dr. Neil Anderson’s material. We need to be more concerned about who we are in Christ (our identity) as well as what we do for Him.
Tripp encouraged me that fear can be a very good and godly thing I am jumpy at the prison since it is potentially dangerous there. I have been diagnosed with General Anxiety Disorder.
Tripp’s Chapter 11 “Between the already and not yet” This reminds me of George E. Ladd and John Wimber (the co-founder of the Vineyard denomination). “Ladd first introduced the notion of the kingdom of God as having both present (already) and future (not yet) aspects.”
Tripp warned, “You will not be open to the ministry of the body of Christ.” I purposefully let inmates and those I work with in the Army minister. It is time for me to mentor others. He wrote, “You will feel qualified to have more control than you have.” On Saturdays and Sundays, I think I am sometimes the highest-paid person at the prison, but I do not have the most power. The Operations and Activities Lieutenants do. I must submit to their authority.
Tripp wrote, “You will load more on your ministry than you can responsibly handle.” Since 2010 I have been too busy with the prison, Reserve, and school. I should be medically retired from the Reserve in six months which will help.
Self-glory will cause you to talk when you should be quiet. The older I get the more introverted I am becoming. I may be imitating my quiet father. Self-glory will cause you to care too much about what people think of you. Now that I am getting older, I am not as concerned about this but I still care what others think. Prayerfully I will be appreciated at my retirement ceremonies from my twenty-two-year Army Reserve career.
Self-glory will cause you to control ministry rather than delegate ministry. As I wrote above, I am trying to give inmates and Soldiers more of a chance to lead as I mentor them. It is time to let others shine and perhaps they will learn from my experiences. A biblical example of this is when Jethro told Moses to delegate.
Confess publicly to your own struggle. I must be balanced with how much I do this and how much I confess to mentors I trust. As mentioned above I need to be careful about sharing too much. I conclude with a quote from our reading, which is appropriate because of where I work. “Bless you, prison, for having been in my life!” . Sometimes I do not appreciate it.
HOW DO I VIEW MY MINISTRY IN LIGHT OF THE CHALLENGES OF THE CONTEMPORARY CHURCH AND CULTURE?
Regarding culture, Keller quoted Niebuhr’s book Christ and Culture:
“A river is nature, a canal culture, a new quartz is nature, an arrowhead culture, a moan is natural, a word cultural.” I appreciate the images he evoked. Keller wrote about challenging and confronting the culture. I am doing this more at the prison by gently confronting executive staff. Since I plan to retire from the Army Reserve this year I do not challenge and confront them as much. Keller wrote, “Christians should become a dynamic counterculture where they live.” I strive to do this, but it is challenging, and there may be repercussions. Keller continued:
1. Christ against culture – a withdrawal model
2. Christ of culture - an accommodationist model
3. Christ above culture – a synthetic model
4. Christ and culture in paradox – a dualistic model
5. Christ transforming culture – a conversionist model
Keller also wrote about the counterculturalist model and the two kingdoms (common and redemptive) model . The kingdom already and not yet is popular in the Vineyard.
Keller asked some questions about culture. Pessimistic or optimistic? Redeemable or fundamentally fallen? He gives four practical suggestions. My comments are behind them.
1. Avoid arrogance. James 4: 10 states “Humble yourselves in the presence of the Lord, and He will exalt you.”
2. Avoid blame. I agree we need to own our sin and mistakes.
3. Avoid frustration. This is easier said than done.
4. Avoid naivete. That is one reason I am in this program, to keep learning.
WHAT IS THE TASK OF MINISTRY IN TODAY’S WORLD?
Christ’s Great Commission is Matthew 28: 18-20 18 And Jesus came up and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth.19 [e]Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you [f]always, even to the end of the age.” I end my services with this.
Another version is in Mark 16: 15 “15 And He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation. 16 He who has believed and has been baptized shall be saved; but he who has disbelieved shall be condemned.” This one is more controversial due to the signs mentioned in the next verses. These are tasks of ministry in today’s world.
WHAT ARE ITS CHALLENGES?
Rick Warren wrote we are competing against six worldviews: materialism, individualism, hedonism (how we feel), pluralism (what works for you), atheism/naturalism/agnosticism (there is no God), and humanism (we are God). We see materialism where some inmates are in prison for crimes trying to get more money. You know the Army appealed to individualism in the past with their logo “Army of one.” There is reliance on feelings in prison and in the Army.
I see the last options in the prison as Army as well. You know I am challenged caring for the inmates’ fifteen religions, or lack thereof. In the prison, the psychology department is called first when there is an emergency as they have a humanistic view. You know in the Army psychologists are assigned at the Brigade level. At the Battalion level, the chaplain handles emergencies. If s/he cannot handle it, they should refer to behavioral health at Brigade.
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHURCH AND WORLD?
“The world’s primary religions fall into two categories: Abrahamic religions, such as Christianity, Judaism, and Islam; and Indian religions, which include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and others. Of the world’s major religions, Christianity is the largest, with more than two billion followers.” I am thankful that Christianity is the largest, but we need to be a positive influence on the other religions and those who follow none.
This was a paper that expressed my mature theology of ministry. It made use of my previous papers on ministry, leadership, and integrity. I explained how I view my ministry in light of the challenges of the contemporary Church and Culture. I answered the following questions: What is the task of ministry in today’s world? What are its challenges? What is the relationship between Church and World?
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