"The education establishment has many excuses for black low academic achievement: apathetic and irresponsible parents, violent and disruptive students, and students who are alien and hostile to the education process. The education establishment is correct when it says that these anti-learning factors are beyond their control; however, it has total control over grades assigned and diplomas conferred. When a diploma is conferred, it certifies that the recipient has mastered high-school level material. A student so
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